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arXiv 1802.08205astro-ph.HE
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Be/X射线双星系统AX J0049 X射线发射长期变化的深入研究

In-depth study of long-term variability in the X-ray emission of the Be/X-ray binary system AX J0049.4-7323

L. Ducci, P. Romano, C. Malacaria, L. Ji, E. Bozzo, A. Santangelo

摘要:

AX J 0049.4 -7323是小麦哲伦星云中的一颗Be/X射线双星,它的主星为一颗~750 s的脉冲星,在过去的17年里,已有多架X射线望远镜观测到它。尽管有许多观察,但对其X射线行为知之甚少。因此,我们连贯地分析了档案斯威夫特,钱德拉,XMM-Newton,RXTE和INTEGRAL数据,并将它们与已经发表的ASCA数据进行了比较,以研究其X射线长期光谱和通量变化。AX J0049.4-7323显示出高X射线变异性,跨越三个数量级以上,从L ~ 1.6E37 erg/s(0.3-8 keV,d=62 kpc)下降到L ~ 8 E33 erg/s。RXTE、Chandra、Swift和ASCA观测到,除了预期的近星点X射线亮度增强之外,通量变化约为270倍,峰值亮度约为2.1E36 erg/s,远离近星点。这些属性是难以调和的,与典型的长期变化的Be/XRB,传统上解释为I型和II型爆发。对AX J0049.4-7323的研究得到了对Swift、Chandra和XMM-Newton数据的光谱分析的补充,这些数据显示出当发射变得微弱时的软化趋势,以及对Swift上的UVOT望远镜收集的光学/紫外数据的分析。此外,我们还测量了$\dot{P}=(-3.00\pm0.12)\times 10^{-3}$ s天$^{-1}$的长期自旋上升率,这表明脉冲星尚未达到平衡周期。在球形吸积的假设下,我们估计了~ 3E 12 G脉冲星的磁场强度的上限。

英文摘要:

AX J0049.4-7323 is a Be/X-ray binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud hosting a ~750 s pulsar which has been observed over the last ~17 years by several X-ray telescopes. Despite numerous observations, little is known about its X-ray behaviour. Therefore, we coherently analysed archival Swift, Chandra, XMM-Newton, RXTE, and INTEGRAL data, and we compared them with already published ASCA data, to study its X-ray long-term spectral and flux variability. AX J0049.4-7323 shows a high X-ray variability, spanning more than three orders of magnitudes, from L ~ 1.6E37 erg/s (0.3-8 keV, d=62 kpc) down to L ~ 8E33 erg/s. RXTE, Chandra, Swift, and ASCA observed, in addition to the expected enhancement of X-ray luminosity at periastron, flux variations by a factor of ~ 270 with peak luminosities of ~2.1E36 erg/s far from periastron. These properties are difficult to reconcile with the typical long-term variability of Be/XRBs, traditionally interpreted in terms of type I and type II outbursts. The study of AX J0049.4-7323 is complemented with a spectral analysis of Swift, Chandra, and XMM-Newton data which showed a softening trend when the emission becomes fainter, and an analysis of optical/UV data collected by the UVOT telescope on board Swift. In addition, we measured a secular spin-up rate of $\dot{P}=(-3.00\pm0.12)\times 10^{-3}$ s day$^{-1}$, which suggests that the pulsar has not yet achieved its equilibrium period. Assuming spherical accretion, we estimated an upper limit for the magnetic field strength of the pulsar of ~3E12 G.

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