arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1802.07964cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.dis-nncond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.stat-mechquant-ph
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非厄米特系统的拓扑相

Topological phases of non-Hermitian systems

Zongping Gong, Yuto Ashida, Kohei Kawabata, Kazuaki Takasan, Sho Higashikawa, Masahito Ueda

摘要:

最近在控制耗散方面的实验进展为开放经典和量子系统中的非厄米哈密顿工程带来了前所未有的灵活性。一个特别的兴趣集中在非厄米特系统的拓扑性质,表现出独特的阶段,没有厄米特同行。然而,没有系统的理解类似的周期表的拓扑绝缘体和超导体已经实现。在本文中,我们建立了一个非厄米系统拓扑相的相干框架。在阐明了非厄米拓扑相的物理意义和数学定义之后,我们从一维晶格开始,它表现出没有厄米对应物的拓扑相,并且发现即使没有对称性约束,也具有整数拓扑缠绕数的特征,这让人想起厄米系统中的量子霍尔绝缘体。一个系统的非零绕组数,这是实验测量的波包动力学,被证明是强大的对无序,观察到的现象中的波多野-纳尔逊模型与不对称的跳跃幅度。我们还推出了一种新的散装边缘对应,具有无限数量的(准)边缘模式。然后,我们应用K-理论系统地分类所有的非埃尔米特拓扑阶段在Altland Zirnbauer类在所有维度。所得到的周期表统一了时间反演和粒子-空穴对称性,导致高度非平凡的预测,如在二维空间中不存在非厄米拓扑相。我们提供了具体的例子,所有的非平凡的非厄米AZ类在零和一维。特别地,我们确定了任意量子信道的Z2拓扑指数。我们的工作奠定了基石的作用,拓扑结构在非厄米特系统的统一理解。

英文摘要:

Recent experimental advances in controlling dissipation have brought about unprecedented flexibility in engineering non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in open classical and quantum systems. A particular interest centers on the topological properties of non-Hermitian systems, which exhibit unique phases with no Hermitian counterparts. However, no systematic understanding in analogy with the periodic table of topological insulators and superconductors has been achieved. In this paper, we develop a coherent framework of topological phases of non-Hermitian systems. After elucidating the physical meaning and the mathematical definition of non-Hermitian topological phases, we start with one-dimensional lattices, which exhibit topological phases with no Hermitian counterparts and are found to be characterized by an integer topological winding number even with no symmetry constraint, reminiscent of the quantum Hall insulator in Hermitian systems. A system with a nonzero winding number, which is experimentally measurable from the wave-packet dynamics, is shown to be robust against disorder, a phenomenon observed in the Hatano-Nelson model with asymmetric hopping amplitudes. We also unveil a novel bulk-edge correspondence that features an infinite number of (quasi-)edge modes. We then apply the K-theory to systematically classify all the non-Hermitian topological phases in the Altland-Zirnbauer classes in all dimensions. The obtained periodic table unifies time-reversal and particle-hole symmetries, leading to highly nontrivial predictions such as the absence of non-Hermitian topological phases in two dimensions. We provide concrete examples for all the nontrivial non-Hermitian AZ classes in zero and one dimensions. In particular, we identify a Z2 topological index for arbitrary quantum channels. Our work lays the cornerstone for a unified understanding of the role of topology in non-Hermitian systems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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