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arXiv 1802.07473astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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与引力波事件一致的多个吸积黑洞的合并

Merger of multiple accreting black holes concordant with gravitational wave events

Hiromichi Tagawa, Masayuki Umemura

摘要:

近年来,先进的激光干涉引力波天文台(aLIGO)探测到了黑洞合并事件,其中大部分事件都是由质量大于$30~M_\odot$的黑洞引起的。特别是,对GW170104的观测表明,动态组装的双星有利于错位自旋的分布。有人认为,在富气环境下,多个BH系统中的“偶然相遇”可以导致不相关BH的合并。在本文中,我们考虑的合并的非关联BH,符合大量BH合并事件。为此,我们模拟了一个多BH系统与后牛顿$N$体代码将气体吸积和广义相对论效应。结果表明,气体动力学摩擦有效地促进了$n_\mathrm{gas}\gtrsim 10^6\,\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$致密气体中BH的三体相互作用,从而使BH在$30$ Myr内发生并合.这种情况预测自旋倾斜的各向同性分布。在与GW 150914一致的模型中,要求种子BH的质量为$\gtrsim 25~M_\odot$。这种“偶然相遇”的BH合并的潜在地点是活动星系核(AGN)盘和致密的星际云。假设LIGO O 1,我们粗略地估计了活动星系盘中PopI黑洞和PopIII黑洞的事件发生率分别为$\simeq 1-2\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$和$\simeq 1\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$。活动星系核的多次发作可能会使速率提高大约一个数量级。对于稠密星际云中的大质量PopI黑洞,其速率为$\simeq 0.02\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$。因此,高密度活动星系核盘是一个更合理的网站合并的机会会议BH。

英文摘要:

Recently, advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (aLIGO) has detected black hole (BH) merger events, most of which are sourced by BHs more massive than $30~M_\odot$. Especially, the observation of GW170104 suggests dynamically assembled binaries favoring a distribution of misaligned spins. It has been argued that mergers of unassociated BHs can be engendered through a "chance meeting" in a multiple BH system under gas-rich environments. In this paper, we consider the merger of unassociated BHs, concordant with the massive BH merger events. To that end, we simulate a multiple BH system with a post-Newtonian $N$-body code incorporating gas accretion and general relativistic effects. As a result, we find that gas dynamical friction effectively promotes three-body interaction of BHs in dense gas of $n_\mathrm{gas}\gtrsim 10^6\,\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$, so that BH mergers can take place within $30$ Myr. This scenario predicts an isotropic distribution of spin tilts. In the concordant models with GW150914, the masses of seed BHs are required to be $\gtrsim 25~M_\odot$. The potential sites of such "chance meeting" BH mergers are active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks and dense interstellar clouds. Assuming the LIGO O1, we roughly estimate the event rates for PopI BHs and PopIII BHs in AGN disks to be respectively $\simeq 1-2\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$ and $\simeq 1\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. Multiple episodes of AGNs may enhance the rates by roughly an order of magnitude. For massive PopI BHs in dense interstellar clouds, the rate is $\simeq 0.02\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. Hence, high-density AGN disks are a more plausible site for mergers of chance meeting BHs.

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