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arXiv 1802.04773astro-ph.HEhep-ex
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未来地基宽视场空气簇射探测器

Future Ground-based Wide Field of View Air Shower Detectors

Giuseppe Di Sciascio

摘要:

广泛的空气簇射(EAS)阵列直接采样到达观测高度的簇射粒子。它们是宽视场(FoV)探测器,能够同时和连续地观察整个天空。事实上,EAS阵列具有约2 sr的有效FoV,并且以$\sim$ 100\%的占空比工作。这种能力使它们非常适合研究扩展源,例如银河系漫发射和测量最高能量(接近或超过100 TeV)的银河系源的光谱。它们在亚TeV/TeV能量域的灵敏度无法与切伦科夫望远镜竞争,但宽FoV是执行无偏巡天,发现瞬变或爆炸事件(GRB)和监测活动星系核(AGN)等变量或耀斑源的理想选择。EAS阵列能够同时探测光子和带电宇宙射线引起的事件,从而研究非热宇宙的这两个信使之间的联系。因此,根据定义,这些探测器是多信使仪器。宽视场望远镜对于引力波事件的多信使研究至关重要,因为它们能够同时调查LIGO和VIRGO确定的所有大天空区域,寻找可能的相关$γ$射线发射。在这篇文章中,我们总结了推动新的宽FoV空气簇射探测器的建设的科学动机,并介绍了目前正在安装的未来仪器。最后,我们强调需要在南半球的EAS阵列,以监测内星系,并面临一些重要的开放性问题。

英文摘要:

Extensive air shower (EAS) arrays directly sample the shower particles that reach the observation altitude. They are wide field of view (FoV) detectors able to view the whole sky simultaneously and continuously. In fact, EAS arrays have an effective FoV of about 2 sr and operate with a duty cycle of $\sim$100\%. This capability makes them well suited to study extended sources, such as the Galactic diffuse emission and measure the spectra of Galactic sources at the highest energies (near or beyond 100 TeV). Their sensitivity in the sub-TeV/TeV energy domain cannot compete with that of Cherenkov telescopes, but the wide FoV is ideal to perform unbiased sky surveys, discover transients or explosive events (GRBs) and monitor variable or flaring sources such as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). An EAS array is able to detect at the same time events induced by photons and charged cosmic rays, thus studying the connection between these two messengers of the non-thermal Universe. Therefore, these detectors are, by definition, multi-messenger instruments. Wide FoV telescopes are crucial for a multi-messenger study of the Gravitational Wave events due to their capability to survey simultaneously all the large sky regions identified by LIGO and VIRGO, looking for a possible correlated $γ$-ray emission. In this contribution we summarize the scientific motivations which push the construction of new wide FoV air shower detectors and introduce the future instruments currently under installation. Finally, we emphasize the need of an EAS array in the Southern hemisphere to monitor the Inner Galaxy and face a number of important open problems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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