We investigate the impacts of the gravitational-wave (GW) standard siren observation of the Einstein Telescope (ET) on constraining the total neutrino mass. We simulate 1000 GW events that would be observed by the ET in its 10-year observation by taking the standard $Λ$CDM cosmology as a fiducial model. We combine the simulated GW data with other cosmological observations including cosmic microwave background (CMB), baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), and type Ia supernovae (SN). We consider three mass hierarchy cases for the neutrino mass, i.e., normal hierarchy (NH), inverted hierarchy (IH), and degenerate hierarchy (DH). Using Planck+BAO+SN, we obtain $\sum m_ν<0.175$ eV for the NH case, $\sum m_ν<0.200$ eV for the IH case, and $\sum m_ν<0.136$ eV for the DH case. After considering the GW data, i.e., using Planck+BAO+SN+GW, the constraint results become $\sum m_ν<0.151$ eV for the NH case, $\sum m_ν<0.185$ eV for the IH case, and $\sum m_ν<0.122$ eV for the DH case. We find that the GW data can help reduce the upper limits of $\sum m_ν$ by 13.7%, 7.5%, and 10.3% for the NH, IH, and DH cases, respectively. In addition, we find that the GW data can also help break the degeneracies between $\sum m_ν$ and other parameters. We show that the GW data of the ET could greatly improve the constraint accuracies of cosmological parameters.
The multi-messenger gravitational-wave (GW) observation for binary neutron star merger events could provide a rather useful tool to explore the evolution of the universe. In particular, for the third-generation GW detectors, i.e., the Einstein Telescope (ET) and the Cosmic Explorer (CE), proposed to be built in Europe and the U.S., respectively, lots of GW standard sirens with known redshifts could be obtained, which would exert great impacts on the cosmological parameter estimation. The total neutrino mass could be measured by cosmological observations, but such a measurement is model-depende…
Gravitational-wave (GW) radiation from a coalescing compact binary is a standard siren as the luminosity distance of each event can be directly measured from the amplitude of the signal. One possibility to constrain cosmology using the GW siren is to perform statistical inference on a population of binary black hole (BBH) events. In essence, this statistical method can be viewed as follows. We can modify the shape of the distribution of observed BBH events by changing cosmological parameters until it eventually matches the distribution constructed from an astrophysical population model, thereb…
Atom interferometers (AIs) as gravitational-wave (GW) detectors have been proposed a decade ago. Both ground and space-based projects will be in construction and preparation in the near future. In this paper, for the first time, we investigate the potential of the space-borne AIs on detecting GW standard sirens and hence the applications on cosmology. We consider AEDGE as our fiducial AI GW detector and estimate the number of bright sirens that would be obtained within a 5-years data-taking period of GW and with the follow-up observation of electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. We then construct …
Forecast constraints for a Symmetric Teleparallel Gravity model with a $Λ$CDM background are made using forthcoming ground and space based gravitational waves observatories. A Bayesian analysis resorting to generated mock catalogs shows that LIGO is not expected to be able to distinguish this model from $Λ$CDM, while both LISA and the ET will, with the ET outperforming LISA. We also show that low redshift events are favored in order to improve the quality of the constrains.
Gravitational-wave standard sirens and application in cosmology
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院）；Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学天文学系）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）
We present the latest measurements of the Hubble parameter and of the parameter $Ξ_0$ describing modified gravitational wave propagation, obtained from the third gravitational wave transient catalog, GWTC-3, using the correlation with galaxy catalogs and information from the source-frame mass distribution of binary black holes. The latter leads to the tightest bound on $Ξ_0$ so far, i.e. $Ξ_0 = 1.2^{+0.7}_{-0.7}$ with a flat prior on $Ξ_0$, and $Ξ_0 = 1.0^{+0.4}_{-0.8}$ with a prior uniform in $\logΞ_0$ (Max posterior and $68\%$ HDI). The measurement of $H_0$ is dominated by the single bright …
Gravitational waves (GWs) originated from mergers of stellar-mass binary black holes (SBBHs) are considered as dark sirens in cosmology since they usually do not have electromagnetic counterparts. In order to study cosmos with these events, we not only need the luminosity distances extracted from GW signals, but also require the redshift information of sources via, say, matching GW sky localization with galaxy catalogs. Based on such a methodology, we explore how well decihertz GW detectors, DO-Optimal and DECIGO, can constrain cosmological parameters. Using Monte-Carlo simulated dark sirens, …
We investigate what role the SKA neutral hydrogen (HI) intensity mapping (IM) sky survey observation will play in weighing neutrinos in cosmology. We use the simulated data of the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from the HI IM survey based on SKA1 and SKA2 to do the analysis. For the current observations, we use the Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies observation, the optical BAO measurements, the type Ia supernovae (SN) observation (Pantheon compilation), and the latest $H_0$ measurement. We consider three mass ordering cases for massive neutrinos, i.e., …
We present a detailed study of the methodology for correlating `dark sirens' (compact binaries coalescences without electromagnetic counterpart) with galaxy catalogs. We propose several improvements on the current state of the art, and we apply them to the GWTC-2 catalog of LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave (GW) detections, and the GLADE galaxy catalog, performing a detailed study of several sources of systematic errors that, with the expected increase in statistics, will eventually become the dominant limitation. We provide a measurement of $H_0$ from dark sirens alone, finding as the best result…
A joint fit of the mass and redshift distributions of the population of Binary Black Holes detected with Gravitational-Wave observations can be used to obtain constraints on the Hubble parameter and on deviations from General Relativity in the propagation of Gravitational Waves. We first present applications of this technique to the latest catalog of Gravitational-Wave events, focusing on the comparison of different parametrizations for the source-frame mass distribution of Black Hole Binaries. We find that models with more than one feature are favourite by the data, as suggested by population…
The Targeted Standard Siren Cosmology with Pulsar Timing Arrays
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal（印度科学教育研究所博帕尔分校）；Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)（马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所（爱因斯坦研究所））；Leibniz Universität Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学）
Biases from Astrophysical Environmental Effects in Standard-Siren Cosmology
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY（德国电子同步加速器）；Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam（波茨坦大学物理与天文研究所）；Deutsche Zentrum für Astrophysik DZA（德国天体物理学中心）；Gravitation Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA), University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学引力与粒子物理阿姆斯特丹研究组）；Center for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology - CP3, Université Catholique de Louvain（天主教鲁汶大学宇宙学、粒子物理与现象学中心）；Royal Observatory of Belgium（比利时皇家天文台）；Nikhef（荷兰国家核与亚原子物理研究所）
Enhancing dark siren cosmology via Gaussian process reconstruction of incomplete galaxy catalogs
Università di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；INFN - Sezione di Bologna（意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼分所）；Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)（马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所（爱因斯坦研究所））；INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站）
Detection of gravitational waves produced by merger of binary compact objects could provide an independent way for measuring the luminosity distance to the gravitational-wave burst source, indicating that gravitational-wave observation, combined with observation of electromagnetic counterparts, can provide "standard sirens" for investigating the expansion history of the universe in cosmology. In this work, we wish to investigate how the future gravitational-wave standard siren observations would break the parameter degeneracies existing in the conventional optical observations and how they hel…
Spectral sirens cosmology from binary black holes populations with sharper mass features
L2IT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3（图卢兹大学）；Laboratoire de Physique de l’ENS, Université Paris Cité, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS（巴黎综合理工学院）
We explore the use of the mass spectrum of neutron stars and black holes in gravitational-wave compact binary sources as a cosmological probe. These standard siren sources provide direct measurements of luminosity distance. In addition, features in the mass distribution, such as mass gaps or peaks, will redshift, and thus provide independent constraints on their redshift distribution. We argue that the entire mass spectrum should be utilized to provide cosmological constraints. For example, we find that the mass spectrum of LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA events introduces at least five independent mass ``…
Gravitational waves (GWs) directly measure the luminosity distance to the merger, which, when combined with an independent measurement of the source's redshift, provides a novel probe of cosmology. The proposed next generation of ground-based GW detectors, Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, will detect tens of thousands of binary neutron stars (BNSs) out to cosmological distances ($z>2$), beyond the peak of the star formation rate (SFR), or "cosmic noon." At these distances, it will be challenging to measure the sources' redshifts by observing electromagnetic (EM) counterparts or statisti…
We construct the catalogues of standard sirens (StS) based on the future gravitational wave (GW) detector networks, i.e., the second-generation ground-based advanced LIGO+advanced Virgo+KAGRA+LIGO-India (HLVKI), the third-generation ground-based Einstein Telescope+two Cosmic Explorer (ET+2CE), and the space-based LISA+Taiji. From the corresponding electromagnetic (EM) counterpart detectors for each networks, we sample the joint GW+EM detections from the probability to construct the Hubble diagram of standard sirens for 10 years detections of HLVKI, 5 years detections of ET+2CE, and 5 years of …
Gravitational-wave astronomy provides a unique new way to study the expansion history of the Universe. In this work, we investigate the impact future gravitational-wave observatories will have on cosmology. Third-generation observatories like the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer will be sensitive to essentially all of the binary black hole coalescence events in the Universe. Recent work by \cite{farr2019future} points out that features in the stellar-mass black hole population break the mass-redshift degeneracy, facilitating precise determination of the Hubble parameter without electroma…
Quasars have recently been used as an absolute distance indicator, extending the Hubble diagram to high redshift to reveal a deviation from the expansion history predicted for the standard, $Λ$CDM cosmology. Here we show that the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will efficiently test this claim with standard sirens at high redshift, defined by the coincident gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) observations of the merger of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs). Assuming a fiducial $Λ$CDM cosmology for generating mock standard siren datasets, the evidence for the $Λ$CDM mode…
Multi-messenger standard-siren cosmology for third-generation gravitational-wave detectors: forecasts considering observations of gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae
Liaoning Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics, College of Sciences, Northeastern University（东北大学理学院辽宁宇宙学与天体物理重点实验室）；MOE Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University（东北大学工信部智能工业数据优化与分析重点实验室）；National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Northeastern University（东北大学国家工业智能与系统优化前沿科学中心）
Not all those missing are lost: leveraging galaxy clustering in incomplete catalogs to unleash dark sirens cosmology
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics（马克斯·普朗克引力物理学研究所）；University of Nevada, Las Vegas（内华达大学拉斯维加斯分校）；Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学天体物理研究所）；Università di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；INFN - Sezione di Bologna（意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼部分部）
During the next decade, gravitational waves will be observed from hundreds of binary inspiral events. When the redshifts of the host galaxies are known, these events can be used as `standard sirens', sensitive to the expansion rate of the Universe. Measurements of the Hubble constant $H_0$ from standard sirens can be done independently of other cosmological probes, and events occurring at $z<0.1$ will allow us to infer $H_0$ independently of cosmological models. The next generation of spectroscopic galaxy surveys will play a crucial role in reducing systematic uncertainties in $H_0$ from stand…
The most promising variation of the standard siren technique combines gravitational-wave (GW) data for binary neutron star (BNS) mergers with redshift measurements enabled by their electromagnetic (EM) counterparts, to constrain cosmological parameters such as $H_0$, $Ω_m$, and $w_0$. Here we evaluate the near- and long-term prospects of multi-messenger cosmology in the era of future GW observatories: Advanced LIGO Plus (A+, 2025), Voyager-like detectors (2030s), and Cosmic Explorer-like detectors (CE, 2035 and beyond). We show that the BNS horizon distance of $\approx 700$ Mpc for A+ is well-…
Reducing cosmological degeneracies by combining multiple classes of LISA gravitational-wave standard sirens
Université de Toulouse（图卢兹大学）；Università di Milano - Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学）；INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca（意大利国家核物理研究所米兰-比可卡分部）；Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Albert-Einstein-Institut（马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所爱因斯坦研究所）；SISSA（的里雅斯特高等研究学院）；INFN Sezione di Trieste（意大利国家核物理研究所的里雅斯特分部）；IFPU - Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe（宇宙基础物理研究所）；CERN（欧洲核子研究中心）；Université de Genève（日内瓦大学）；Università di Pisa（比萨大学）；INFN, Sezione di Pisa（意大利国家核物理研究所比萨分部）
Echoes from the dark: Galaxy catalog incompleteness in standard siren cosmology
Università di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；INAF-OAS, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所-博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测台）；INFN-Sezione di Bologna（意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼部分部）；Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学）；INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca（意大利国家核物理研究所米兰比可卡分）
Probing cosmology with bright sirens from the CosmoDC2_BCO LSST synthetic catalog
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo（圣埃斯皮里图联邦大学）；Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia（跨机构电子天文学实验室）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste（意大利国家天体物理研究所的的里雅斯特天文台）；IFPU – Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe（宇宙基础物理研究所）
Calibrating spectral siren cosmology with synthetic catalogs of binary black hole mergers
INFN, Sezione di Roma（意大利国家核物理研究所罗马分部）；Gran Sasso Science Institute（格兰萨索科学研究所）；INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso（意大利国家核物理研究所格兰萨索国家实验室）；INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）
Pushing spectral siren cosmology into the third-generation era: a blinded mock data challenge
Università di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；INFN - Sezione di Bologna（意大利国家核物理研究所博洛尼分部）；INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站）；Aix-Marseille Université（艾克斯-马赛大学）；Université de Toulon（土伦大学）；CNRS, CPT（法国国家科学研究中心， cpt 中心）；INFN, Sezione di Roma（意大利国家核物理研究所罗马分部）；“Sapienza” Universitá di Roma（罗马大学）；CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM（法国国家科学研究中心/法国粒子与核物理研究所，马赛质子与核物理中心）
