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arXiv 1802.04313astro-ph.EP
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碎片碎片:结构、组成和可变性

Debris Disks: Structure, Composition, and Variability

A. Meredith Hughes, Gaspard Duchene, Brenda Matthews

摘要:

碎片盘是一种纤细的、以尘埃为主的盘状物,通常在恒星周围观察到,年龄范围很广。那些围绕着主序星的光类似于太阳系的柯伊伯带和黄道光。碎片盘中的尘埃被认为是不断再生的,主要源于星子的碰撞。对碎片盘的观测可以深入了解行星系的演化;太阳系外的尘埃、彗星和星子的组成;以及对轨道结构的限制,以及可能无法通过其他方式检测到的系外行星的质量。这篇评论着重介绍了多波长、高分辨率散射光和热成像方面的最新进展,这些进展揭示了碎片盘中复杂多样的结构,并讨论了建模方法如何随着现有观测的广度和深度而演变。本审查报告着重指出了两个迅速发展的分领域,包括观测主序星周围的原子和分子气体,以及碎片盘在很短(几天到几年)时间尺度上的发射变化,这为特别是年轻碎片盘的非稳态碰撞演化提供了证据。

英文摘要:

Debris disks are tenuous, dust-dominated disks commonly observed around stars over a wide range of ages. Those around main sequence stars are analogous to the Solar System's Kuiper Belt and Zodiacal light. The dust in debris disks is believed to be continuously regenerated, originating primarily with collisions of planetesimals. Observations of debris disks provide insight into the evolution of planetary systems; the composition of dust, comets, and planetesimals outside the Solar System; as well as placing constraints on the orbital architecture and potentially the masses of exoplanets that are not otherwise detectable. This review highlights recent advances in multiwavelength, high-resolution scattered light and thermal imaging that have revealed a complex and intricate diversity of structures in debris disks, and discusses how modeling methods are evolving with the breadth and depth of the available observations. Two rapidly advancing subfields highlighted in this review include observations of atomic and molecular gas around main sequence stars, and variations in emission from debris disks on very short (days to years) timescales, providing evidence of non-steady state collisional evolution particularly in young debris disks.

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