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arXiv 1801.09489astro-ph.HE
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Schwarzschild时空中辐射驱动的相对论喷流

Radiatively driven relativistic jets in Schwarzschild space-time

Mukesh K. Vyas, Indranil Chattopadhyay

摘要:

我们对非旋转黑洞周围辐射驱动的锥形流体喷流进行了广义相对论研究,并研究了辐射加速和辐射阻力的影响和意义。本文应用相对论性运动方程,研究了史瓦西黑洞周围弯曲时空中的轴对称一维稳态喷流,该喷流穿过吸积盘的辐射场。利用弯曲时空的信息计算辐射矩。用L $^{\prime}$ Hopital法则求出音速点处物理量的斜率,并用龙格-库塔$4^{th}$阶法求解运动方程。进行了分析,使用相对论状态方程的射流流体。喷流的终端速度取决于有多少热能转化为喷流动量以及有多少辐射动量沉积在喷流上。得到了具有单音速点、多音速点以及辐射驱动内激波的多种喷流解。研究了沿射流轴线的所有流动变量的变化。高能电子-质子喷流可以被强辐射加速到终端洛伦兹因子$γ_{\rm \small T} \sim 3$。对于中等亮度的光盘,可获得中等的终端速度$v_{\rm \small T} \sim 0.5$。轻子主导喷流可以实现$γ_{\rm \small T} \sim 10$。喷流自身的热驱动和吸积盘光子的辐射驱动产生了从中等强度喷流到相对论性喷流的广泛喷流解。辐射场的强度和性质以及喷流的能量相互作用导致了喷流解的多样性。我们表明,辐射场是能够诱导稳定的冲击喷流,一个标准来解释高能幂律发射观测到的一些天体的光谱。

英文摘要:

We carry out a general relativistic study of radiatively driven, conical fluid jets around non-rotating black holes and investigate the effects and significance of radiative acceleration, as well as radiation drag. We apply relativistic equations of motion in curved space-time around a Schwarzschild black hole for axis-symmetric 1-D jet in steady state, plying through the radiation field of the accretion disc. Radiative moments are computed using information of curved space-time. Slopes of physical variables at the sonic points are found using L$^{\prime}$Hôpital's rule and employed Runge-Kutta's $4^{th}$ order method to solve equations of motion. The analysis is carried out, using the relativistic equation of state of the jet fluid. The terminal speed of the jet depends on how much thermal energy is converted into jet momentum and how much radiation momentum is deposited on to the jet. Many classes of jet solutions with single sonic points, multiple sonic points as well as, those having radiation driven internal shocks are obtained. Variation of all flow variables along the jet-axis has been studied. Highly energetic electron-proton jets can be accelerated by intense radiation to terminal Lorentz factors $γ_{\rm \small T} \sim 3$. Moderate terminal speed $v_{\rm \small T} \sim 0.5$ is obtained for moderately luminous discs. Lepton dominated jets may achieve $γ_{\rm \small T} \sim 10$. Thermal driving of the jet itself and radiation driving by accretion disc photons produce a wide-ranging jet solutions staring from moderately strong jets to the relativistic ones. Interplay of intensity and nature of radiation field and the energetics of the jet result in such a variety in jet solutions. We show that radiation field is able to induce steady shocks in jets, one of the criteria to explain high energy power law emission observed in spectra of some of the astrophysical objects.

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