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arXiv 1801.06147stat.ML
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从Gauss过程到Student-T过程的升级

Upgrading from Gaussian Processes to Student's-T Processes

Brendan D. Tracey, David H. Wolpert

摘要:

高斯过程先验通常用于航空航天设计以执行贝叶斯优化。尽管如此,高斯过程有两个明显的缺点:离群值是先验假设不太可能的,并且以观测数据为条件的后验方差仅取决于这些数据的位置,而不是相关的样本值。Student's-T过程是高斯过程的推广,建立在Student's-T分布而不是高斯分布上。Student's-T过程保持了高斯过程的主要优点(核函数,解析更新规则),并具有超越高斯过程的额外好处。Student's-T分布具有比高斯分布更高的峰度,因此离群值更有可能,并且后验方差根据观察到的数据样本值的方差增加或减少。在这里,我们描述学生的T过程,并讨论其优势的背景下,航空航天优化。我们将展示如何使用核函数构建学生T过程,以及如何在给定新样本的情况下更新该过程。我们提供了一个明确的推导优化相关的数量,如预期的改善,并与高斯过程的相关计算的对比。最后,我们比较了Student's T过程和Gauss过程在贝叶斯优化中典型测试问题上的性能,并将Student's T过程应用于一个气动结构设计问题的优化。

英文摘要:

Gaussian process priors are commonly used in aerospace design for performing Bayesian optimization. Nonetheless, Gaussian processes suffer two significant drawbacks: outliers are a priori assumed unlikely, and the posterior variance conditioned on observed data depends only on the locations of those data, not the associated sample values. Student's-T processes are a generalization of Gaussian processes, founded on the Student's-T distribution instead of the Gaussian distribution. Student's-T processes maintain the primary advantages of Gaussian processes (kernel function, analytic update rule) with additional benefits beyond Gaussian processes. The Student's-T distribution has higher Kurtosis than a Gaussian distribution and so outliers are much more likely, and the posterior variance increases or decreases depending on the variance of observed data sample values. Here, we describe Student's-T processes, and discuss their advantages in the context of aerospace optimization. We show how to construct a Student's-T process using a kernel function and how to update the process given new samples. We provide a clear derivation of optimization-relevant quantities such as expected improvement, and contrast with the related computations for Gaussian processes. Finally, we compare the performance of Student's-T processes against Gaussian process on canonical test problems in Bayesian optimization, and apply the Student's-T process to the optimization of an aerostructural design problem.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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