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arXiv 1801.04524astro-ph.GA
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探测极低光度天体中的幕式吸积

Probing Episodic Accretion in Very Low Luminosity Objects

Tien-Hao Hsieh, Nadia M. Murillo, Arnaud Belloche, Naomi Hirano, Catherine Walsh, Ewine F. van Dishoeck, Shih-Ping Lai

摘要:

幕式吸积被认为是解决恒星形成中长期存在的光度问题的一种方法;然而,这个过程仍然知之甚少。我们目前的观察线发射N2 H+和CO同位素使用阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列(ALMA)在信封的8个非常低光度物体(VeLLOs)。在五个来源的N2 H+和CO同位素的排放的空间分布显示出明显的反相关性。有人建议,这是跟踪的CO雪线的信封:N2 H+排放耗尽对这些来源的中心,相反,CO同位素的排放,表现出一个峰值。由N2 H+排放追踪的CO雪线的位置位于比使用中心源的当前光度计算的半径大得多的半径处。这意味着这五个源最近经历了一次吸积爆发,因为在爆发期间,由于中心恒星的光度增加,CO雪线会被向外推。来自其他三个来源之一的DCE 161的N2 H+和CO同位素体发射最有可能在后期演化阶段追踪过渡盘。不包括DCE 161,七个来源中的五个(即,约70%)显示最近的吸积爆发的签名。这一比例大于Jørgensen等人(2015年)和Frimann等人(2016年)研究的0/I类源,表明VeLLO中吸积事件之间的间隔比0/I类源短。

英文摘要:

Episodic accretion has been proposed as a solution to the long-standing luminosity problem in star formation; however, the process remains poorly understood. We present observations of line emission from N2H+ and CO isotopologues using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in the envelopes of eight Very Low Luminosity Objects (VeLLOs). In five of the sources the spatial distribution of emission from N2H+ and CO isotopologues shows a clear anti-correlation. It is proposed that this is tracing the CO snow line in the envelopes: N2H+ emission is depleted toward the center of these sources in contrast to the CO isotopologue emission which exhibits a peak. The positions of the CO snow lines traced by the N2H+ emission are located at much larger radii than those calculated using the current luminosities of the central sources. This implies that these five sources have experienced a recent accretion burst because the CO snow line would have been pushed outwards during the burst due to the increased luminosity of the central star. The N2H+ and CO isotopologue emission from DCE161, one of the other three sources, is most likely tracing a transition disk at a later evolutionary stage. Excluding DCE161, five out of seven sources (i.e., ~70%) show signatures of a recent accretion burst. This fraction is larger than that of the Class 0/I sources studied by Jørgensen et al. (2015) and Frimann et al. (2016) suggesting that the interval between accretion episodes in VeLLOs is shorter than that in Class 0/I sources.

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