Humans rely on properties of the materials that make up objects to guide our interactions with them. Grasping smooth materials, for example, requires care, and softness is an ideal property for fabric used in bedding. Even when these properties are not visual (e.g. softness is a physical property), we may still infer their presence visually. We refer to such material properties as visual material attributes. Recognizing these attributes in images can contribute valuable information for general scene understanding and material recognition. Unlike well-known object and scene attributes, visual material attributes are local properties with no fixed shape or spatial extent. We show that given a set of images annotated with known material attributes, we may accurately recognize the attributes from small local image patches. Obtaining such annotations in a consistent fashion at scale, however, is challenging. To address this, we introduce a method that allows us to probe the human visual perception of materials by asking simple yes/no questions comparing pairs of image patches. This provides sufficient weak supervision to build a set of attributes and associated classifiers that, while unnamed, serve the same function as the named attributes we use to describe materials. Doing so allows us to recognize visual material attributes without resorting to exhaustive manual annotation of a fixed set of named attributes. Furthermore, we show that this method may be integrated in the end-to-end learning of a material classification CNN to simultaneously recognize materials and discover their visual attributes. Our experimental results show that visual material attributes, whether named or automatically discovered, provide a useful intermediate representation for known material categories themselves as well as a basis for transfer learning when recognizing previously-unseen categories.
University of Barcelona(巴塞罗那大学);Computer Vision Center(计算机视觉中心)
Recognizing Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) has a large number of health applications, such as characterize lifestyle for habit improvement, nursing and rehabilitation services. Wearable cameras can daily gather large amounts of image data that provide rich visual information about ADLs than using other wearable sensors. In this paper, we explore the classification of ADLs from images captured by low temporal resolution wearable camera (2fpm) by using a Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) approach. We show that the classification accuracy of a CNN largely improves when its output is combined…
University of California, San Diego(加州大学圣迭戈分校);Adobe Research(Adobe 研究院)
Automatic organization of personal photos is a problem with many real world ap- plications, and can be divided into two main tasks: recognizing the event type of the photo collection, and selecting interesting images from the collection. In this paper, we attempt to simultaneously solve both tasks: album-wise event recognition and image- wise importance prediction. We collected an album dataset with both event type labels and image importance labels, refined from an existing CUFED dataset. We propose a hybrid system consisting of three parts: A siamese network-based event-specific image import…
Fudan University(复旦大学);Hikvision Research Institute(海康威视研究院)
Here we address a challenging problem: recognizing multiple text sequences from an image by pure end-to-end learning. It is twofold: 1) Multiple text sequences recognition. Each image may contain multiple text sequences of different content, location and orientation, and we try to recognize all the text sequences contained in the image. 2) Pure end-to-end (PEE) learning.We solve the problem in a pure end-to-end learning way where each training image is labeled by only text transcripts of all contained sequences, without any geometric annotations. Most existing works recognize multiple text seq…
University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);Adobe(Adobe公司)
The style of an image plays a significant role in how it is viewed, but style has received little attention in computer vision research. We describe an approach to predicting style of images, and perform a thorough evaluation of different image features for these tasks. We find that features learned in a multi-layer network generally perform best -- even when trained with object class (not style) labels. Our large-scale learning methods results in the best published performance on an existing dataset of aesthetic ratings and photographic style annotations. We present two novel datasets: 80K Fl…
In this paper, we propose an efficient method to provide personal identification using fingerprint to get better accuracy even in noisy condition. The fingerprint matching based on the number of corresponding minutia pairings, has been in use for a long time, which is not very efficient for recognizing the low quality fingerprints. To overcome this problem, correlation technique is used. The correlation-based fingerprint verification system is capable of dealing with low quality images from which no minutiae can be extracted reliably and with fingerprints that suffer from non-uniform shape dis…
The University of the Humanities(人文大学);The Mongolian University of Science and Technology(蒙古科技大学)
We are introducing new effective computer model for extracting nationality from frontal image candidate using face part color, size and distances based on deep research. Determining face part size, color, and distances is depending on a variety of factors including image quality, lighting condition, rotation angle, occlusion and facial emotion. Therefore, first we need to detect a face on the image then convert an image into the real input. After that, we can determine image candidate gender, face shape, key points and face parts. Finally, we will return the result, based on the comparison of …
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211 USA(美国密苏里州哥伦比亚市密苏里大学电气工程与计算机科学系)
Superpixel-based methodologies have become increasingly popular in computer vision, especially when the computation is too expensive in time or memory to perform with a large number of pixels or features. However, rarely is superpixel segmentation examined within the context of deep convolutional neural network architectures. This paper presents a novel neural architecture that exploits the superpixel feature space. The visual feature space is organized using superpixels to provide the neural network with a substructure of the images. As the superpixels associate the visual feature space with …
School of Electrical Science, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bhubaneswar(印度理工学院布巴内斯瓦尔分校电气科学学院);Kingston University, London(伦敦金斯顿大学)
In this work we propose a methodology for an automatic food classification system which recognizes the contents of the meal from the images of the food. We developed a multi-layered deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that takes advantages of the features from other deep networks and improves the efficiency. Numerous classical handcrafted features and approaches are explored, among which CNNs are chosen as the best performing features. Networks are trained and fine-tuned using preprocessed images and the filter outputs are fused to achieve higher accuracy. Experimental results…
A Cross-Font Image Retrieval Network for Recognizing Undeciphered Oracle Bone Inscriptions
Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University(厦门大学人工智能学院);School of Informatics, Xiamen University(厦门大学信息学院);Key Laboratory of Digital Protection and Intelligent Processing of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Fujian and Taiwan (Xiamen University), Ministry of Culture and Tourism(文化和旅游部闽南(厦门大学)非物质文化遗产数字化保护与智能处理重点实验室)
Facebook AI Research(Facebook人工智能研究院);University of Michigan, Ann Arbor(密歇根大学安娜堡分校)
Humans can perceive scenes in 3D from a handful of 2D views. For AI agents, the ability to recognize a scene from any viewpoint given only a few images enables them to efficiently interact with the scene and its objects. In this work, we attempt to endow machines with this ability. We propose a model which takes as input a few RGB images of a new scene and recognizes the scene from novel viewpoints by segmenting it into semantic categories. All this without access to the RGB images from those views. We pair 2D scene recognition with an implicit 3D representation and learn from multi-view 2D an…
Sapienza University of Rome(罗马大学);University of Tübingen(蒂宾根大学);University of Trento(特伦托大学);Fondazione Bruno Kessler(布鲁诺·凯斯勒基金会);Politecnico di Torino(都灵理工大学)
Current deep visual recognition systems suffer from severe performance degradation when they encounter new images from classes and scenarios unseen during training. Hence, the core challenge of Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) is to cope with the semantic-shift whereas the main challenge of Domain Adaptation and Domain Generalization (DG) is the domain-shift. While historically ZSL and DG tasks are tackled in isolation, this work develops with the ambitious goal of solving them jointly,i.e. by recognizing unseen visual concepts in unseen domains. We presentCuMix (CurriculumMixup for recognizing unseen…
Faculty of Information Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM(越南国家大学胡志明市分校科学大学信息技术学院)
Kinship verification and kinship retrieval are emerging tasks in computer vision. Kinship verification aims at determining whether two facial images are from related people or not, while kinship retrieval is the task of retrieving possible related facial images to a person from a gallery of images. They introduce unique challenges because of the hidden relations and features that carry inherent characteristics between the facial images. We employ 3 methods, FaceNet, Siamese VGG-Face, and a combination of FaceNet and VGG-Face models as feature extractors, to achieve the 9th standing for kinship…
Decoding Emotions in Abstract Art: Cognitive Plausibility of CLIP in Recognizing Color-Emotion Associations
Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学跨学科研究所);Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University(乌得勒支大学信息与计算科学系)
An image is a very effective tool for conveying emotions. Many researchers have investigated in computing the image emotions by using various features extracted from images. In this paper, we focus on two high level features, the object and the background, and assume that the semantic information of images is a good cue for predicting emotion. An object is one of the most important elements that define an image, and we find out through experiments that there is a high correlation between the object and the emotion in images. Even with the same object, there may be slight difference in emotion …
Institute of Engineering and Management, Kolkata(加尔各答工程与管理学院);Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee(印度理工学院鲁尔基分校);Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar(印度理工学院布巴内斯瓦尔分校);National Institute of Technology, Durgapur(杜尔加布尔国立理工学院)
Recently, recognition of gender from facial images has gained a lot of importance. There exist a handful of research work that focus on feature extraction to obtain gender specific information from facial images. However, analyzing different facial regions and their fusion help in deciding the gender of a person from facial images. In this paper, we propose a new approach to identify gender from frontal facial images that is robust to background, illumination, intensity, and facial expression. In our framework, first the frontal face image is divided into a number of distinct regions based on …
Old Dominion University(欧道明大学);Rutgers University(罗格斯大学)
As smartphone rooted distractions become commonplace, the lack of compelling safety measures has led to a rise in the number of injuries to distracted walkers. Various solutions address this problem by sensing a pedestrian's walking environment. Existing camera-based approaches have been largely limited to obstacle detection and other forms of object detection. Instead, we present TerraFirma, an approach that performs material recognition on the pedestrian's walking surface. We explore, first, how well commercial off-the-shelf smartphone cameras can learn texture to distinguish among paving ma…
One Model for Two Tasks: Cooperatively Recognizing and Recovering Low-Resolution Scene Text Images by Iterative Mutual Guidance
School of Computer Science, Fudan University(复旦大学计算机科学技术学院);Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing(上海智能信息处理重点实验室);Tongji University(同济大学)
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a variety of computer vision tasks, particularly visual classification problems, where new algorithms reported to achieve or even surpass the human performance. In this paper, we examine whether CNNs are capable of learning the semantics of training data. To this end, we evaluate CNNs on negative images, since they share the same structure and semantics as regular images and humans can classify them correctly. Our experimental results indicate that when training on regular images and testing on negative images, …
In the field of Art History, images of artworks and their contexts are core to understanding the underlying semantic information. However, the highly complex and sophisticated representation of these artworks makes it difficult, even for the experts, to analyze the scene. From the computer vision perspective, the task of analyzing such artworks can be divided into sub-problems by taking a bottom-up approach. In this paper, we focus on the problem of recognizing the characters in Art History. From the iconography of $Annunciation$ $of$ $the$ $Lord$ (Figure 1), we consider the representation of …
UNIÃO DE ENSINO DO SUDOESTE DO PARANÁ – UNISEP(巴拉那州西南部教育联盟(UNISEP));FACULDADE EDUCACIONAL DE FRANCISCO BELTRÃO – FEFB(弗朗西斯科贝尔特朗教育学院(FEFB))
Many people are affected by diabetes around the world. This disease may have type 1 and 2. Diabetes brings with it several complications including diabetic retinopathy, which is a disease that if not treated correctly can lead to irreversible damage in the patient's vision. The earlier it is detected, the better the chances that the patient will not lose vision. Methods of automating manual procedures are currently in evidence and the diagnostic process for retinopathy is manual with the physician analyzing the patient's retina on the monitor. The practice of image recognition can aid this det…
Order Matters: On Parameter-Efficient Image-to-Video Probing for Recognizing Nearly Symmetric Actions
Institute for Artificial Intelligence, University of Stuttgart(人工智能研究所,斯图加特大学);Intelligent Assistive Systems Lab, University of Hildesheim(智能辅助系统实验室,希尔德斯海姆大学)
West Virginia University(西弗吉尼亚大学);IIT Jodhpur(焦特布尔印度理工学院);Texas A&M University-Kingsville(德州农工大学金斯维尔分校)
In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for matching faces with temporal variations caused due to age progression. The proposed generative adversarial network algorithm is a unified framework that combines facial age estimation and age-separated face verification. The key idea of this approach is to learn the age variations across time by conditioning the input image on the subject's gender and the target age group to which the face needs to be progressed. The loss function accounts for reducing the age gap between the original image and generated face image as well as preserving the ident…
Deep neural networks have been shown to suffer from poor generalization when small perturbations are added (like Gaussian noise), yet little work has been done to evaluate their robustness to more natural image transformations like photo filters. This paper presents a study on how popular pretrained models are affected by commonly used Instagram filters. To this end, we introduce ImageNet-Instagram, a filtered version of ImageNet, where 20 popular Instagram filters are applied to each image in ImageNet. Our analysis suggests that simple structure preserving filters which only alter the global …
University of Waterloo(滑铁卢大学);Huron Digital Pathology(休伦数字病理公司)
Recent advances in digital imaging has transformed computer vision and machine learning to new tools for analyzing pathology images. This trend could automate some of the tasks in the diagnostic pathology and elevate the pathologist workload. The final step of any cancer diagnosis procedure is performed by the expert pathologist. These experts use microscopes with high level of optical magnification to observe minute characteristics of the tissue acquired through biopsy and fixed on glass slides. Switching between different magnifications, and finding the magnification level at which they iden…
Center for Open Data in the Humanities(人文开放数据中心);Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology(东京农工大学)
Inspired by recent successes in neural machine translation and image caption generation, we present an attention based encoder decoder model (AED) to recognize Vietnamese Handwritten Text. The model composes of two parts: a DenseNet for extracting invariant features, and a Long Short-Term Memory network (LSTM) with an attention model incorporated for generating output text (LSTM decoder), which are connected from the CNN part to the attention model. The input of the CNN part is a handwritten text image and the target of the LSTM decoder is the corresponding text of the input image. Our model i…
IIIT-Delhi(德里英迪拉·甘地信息技术学院);IBM TJ Watson Research Center(IBM托马斯·J·沃森研究中心);University of Maryland, College Park(马里兰大学帕克分校)
Research in face recognition has seen tremendous growth over the past couple of decades. Beginning from algorithms capable of performing recognition in constrained environments, the current face recognition systems achieve very high accuracies on large-scale unconstrained face datasets. While upcoming algorithms continue to achieve improved performance, a majority of the face recognition systems are susceptible to failure under disguise variations, one of the most challenging covariate of face recognition. Most of the existing disguise datasets contain images with limited variations, often cap…
PAC-FNO: Parallel-Structured All-Component Fourier Neural Operators for Recognizing Low-Quality Images
Yonsei University(延世大学);Seoul National University(首尔大学);Oregon State University(俄勒冈州立大学);Texas A&M University-Commerce(德州农工大学 Commerce 分校);Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学);KAIST(韩国科学技术院)
Daffodil International University(达福迪尔国际大学);Independent University Bangladesh(孟加拉国独立大学);University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh(孟加拉国文科大学)
A deep learning model gives an incredible result for image processing by studying from the trained dataset. Spinach is a leaf vegetable that contains vitamins and nutrients. In our research, a Deep learning method has been used that can automatically identify spinach and this method has a dataset of a total of five species of spinach that contains 3785 images. Four Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models were used to classify our spinach. These models give more accurate results for image classification. Before applying these models there is some preprocessing of the image data. For the prepr…
Northeastern University(东北大学);University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth(马萨诸塞大学达特茅斯分校)
Kinship, a soft biometric detectable in media, is fundamental for a myriad of use-cases. Despite the difficulty of detecting kinship, annual data challenges using still-images have consistently improved performances and attracted new researchers. Now, systems reach performance levels unforeseeable a decade ago, closing in on performances acceptable to deploy in practice. Like other biometric tasks, we expect systems can receive help from other modalities. We hypothesize that adding modalities to FIW, which has only still-images, will improve performance. Thus, to narrow the gap between researc…
South China University of Technology(华南理工大学);The University of Adelaide(阿德莱德大学);Monash University(莫纳什大学);SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation(华南理工大学珠海现代产业创新研究院)
We propose to improve text recognition from a new perspective by separating the text content from complex backgrounds. As vanilla GANs are not sufficiently robust to generate sequence-like characters in natural images, we propose an adversarial learning framework for the generation and recognition of multiple characters in an image. The proposed framework consists of an attention-based recognizer and a generative adversarial architecture. Furthermore, to tackle the issue of lacking paired training samples, we design an interactive joint training scheme, which shares attention masks from the re…
The existing Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems are capable of recognizing images with horizontal texts. However, when the rotation of the texts increases, it becomes harder to recognizing these texts. The performance of the OCR systems decreases. Thus predicting the rotations of the texts and correcting the images are important. Previous work mainly uses traditional Computer Vision methods like Hough Transform and Deep Learning methods like Convolutional Neural Network. However, all of these methods are prone to background noises commonly existing in general images with texts. To tac…
Khoury College of Computer Sciences(胡里计算机学院);Northeastern University(东北大学)
Sudoku is a puzzle well-known to the scientific community with simple rules of completion, which may require a com-plex line of reasoning. This paper addresses the problem of partitioning the Sudoku image into a 1-D array, recognizing digits from the array and representing it as a Constraint Sat-isfaction Problem (CSP). In this paper, we introduce new fea-ture extraction techniques for recognizing digits, which are used with our benchmark classifiers in conjunction with the CSP algorithms to provide performance assessment. Experi-mental results show that application of CSP techniques can decre…
Philips Research(飞利浦研究院);Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology(斯科尔科沃科学技术研究院);Goethe University Frankfurt(法兰克福歌德大学)
Anomaly detection is the problem of recognizing abnormal inputs based on the seen examples of normal data. Despite recent advances of deep learning in recognizing image anomalies, these methods still prove incapable of handling complex medical images, such as barely visible abnormalities in chest X-rays and metastases in lymph nodes. To address this problem, we introduce a new powerful method of image anomaly detection. It relies on the classical autoencoder approach with a re-designed training pipeline to handle high-resolution, complex images and a robust way of computing an image abnormalit…
Google Research(谷歌研究院);Georgia Institute of Technology(佐治亚理工学院)
Large-scale multi-modal pre-training models such as CLIP and PaLI exhibit strong generalization on various visual domains and tasks. However, existing image classification benchmarks often evaluate recognition on a specific domain (e.g., outdoor images) or a specific task (e.g., classifying plant species), which falls short of evaluating whether pre-trained foundational models are universal visual recognizers. To address this, we formally present the task of Open-domain Visual Entity recognitioN (OVEN), where a model need to link an image onto a Wikipedia entity with respect to a text query. W…
Understanding the 3D world from 2D images involves more than detection and segmentation of the objects within the scene. It also includes the interpretation of the structure and arrangement of the scene elements. Such understanding is often rooted in recognizing the physical world and its limitations, and in prior knowledge as to how similar typical scenes are arranged. In this research we pose a new challenge for neural network (or other) scene understanding algorithms - can they distinguish between plausible and implausible scenes? Plausibility can be defined both in terms of physical proper…
University of Oxford(牛津大学);Xerox Research Centre Europe(施乐欧洲研究中心)
While recent research in image understanding has often focused on recognizing more types of objects, understanding more about the objects is just as important. Recognizing object parts and attributes has been extensively studied before, yet learning large space of such concepts remains elusive due to the high cost of providing detailed object annotations for supervision. The key contribution of this paper is an algorithm to learn the nameable parts of objects automatically, from images obtained by querying Web search engines. The key challenge is the high level of noise in the annotations; to …
FZI Research Center for Information Technology(FZI信息技术研究中心)
Within a logistics supply chain, a large variety of transported goods need to be handled, recognized and checked at many different network points. Often, huge manual effort is involved in recognizing or verifying packet identity or packaging structure, for instance to check the delivery for completeness. We propose a method for complete automation of packaging structure recognition: Based on a single image, one or multiple transport units are localized and, for each of these transport units, the characteristics, the total number and the arrangement of its packaging units is recognized. Our alg…
In this paper, a level-wise mixture model (LMM) is developed by embedding visual hierarchy with deep networks to support large-scale visual recognition (i.e., recognizing thousands or even tens of thousands of object classes), and a Bayesian approach is used to adapt a pre-trained visual hierarchy automatically to the improvements of deep features (that are used for image and object class representation) when more representative deep networks are learned along the time. Our LMM model can provide an end-to-end approach for jointly learning: (a) the deep networks to extract more discriminative d…
Deep learning models heavily rely on large scale annotated datasets for training. Unfortunately, datasets cannot capture the infinite variability of the real world, thus neural networks are inherently limited by the restricted visual and semantic information contained in their training set. In this thesis, we argue that it is crucial to design deep architectures that can operate in previously unseen visual domains and recognize novel semantic concepts. In the first part of the thesis, we describe different solutions to enable deep models to generalize to new visual domains, by transferring kno…
Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院深港脑科学创新研究院);Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University(西弗吉尼亚大学洛克菲勒神经科学研究所)
Eye movements have been widely investigated to study the atypical visual attention in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The majority of these studies have been focused on limited eye movement features by statistical comparisons between ASD and Typically Developing (TD) groups, which make it difficult to accurately separate ASD from TD at the individual level. The deep learning technology has been highly successful in overcoming this issue by automatically extracting features important for classification through a data-driven learning process. However, there is still a lack of end-to-end deep lea…
What You Perceive Is What You Conceive: A Cognition-Inspired Framework for Open Vocabulary Image Segmentation
Key Laboratory of Multimedia Trusted Perception and Efficient Computing, Ministry of Education of China, Xiamen University, China(中国教育部多媒体可信感知与高效计算重点实验室,厦门大学);Tencent Youtu Lab(腾讯优图实验室)
Recognizing materials in real-world images is a challenging task. Real-world materials have rich surface texture, geometry, lighting conditions, and clutter, which combine to make the problem particularly difficult. In this paper, we introduce a new, large-scale, open dataset of materials in the wild, the Materials in Context Database (MINC), and combine this dataset with deep learning to achieve material recognition and segmentation of images in the wild. MINC is an order of magnitude larger than previous material databases, while being more diverse and well-sampled across its 23 categories. …
Hikvision Research Institute(海康威视研究院);Tongji University(同济大学);Fudan University(复旦大学)
Recognizing text from natural images is a hot research topic in computer vision due to its various applications. Despite the enduring research of several decades on optical character recognition (OCR), recognizing texts from natural images is still a challenging task. This is because scene texts are often in irregular (e.g. curved, arbitrarily-oriented or seriously distorted) arrangements, which have not yet been well addressed in the literature. Existing methods on text recognition mainly work with regular (horizontal and frontal) texts and cannot be trivially generalized to handle irregular …
Learning from different modalities is a challenging task. In this paper, we look at the challenging problem of cross modal face verification and recognition between caricature and visual image modalities. Caricature have exaggerations of facial features of a person. Due to the significant variations in the caricatures, building vision models for recognizing and verifying data from this modality is an extremely challenging task. Visual images with significantly lesser amount of distortions can act as a bridge for the analysis of caricature modality. We introduce a publicly available large Caric…
Rhodes University(罗德斯大学);University of Ngaoundéré(恩冈代雷大学)
In South Africa, it is a common practice for people to leave their vehicles beside the road when traveling long distances for a short comfort break. This practice might increase human encounters with wildlife, threatening their security and safety. Here we intend to create awareness about wildlife fencing, using drone technology and computer vision algorithms to recognize and detect wildlife fences and associated features. We collected data at Amakhala and Lalibela private game reserves in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. We used wildlife electric fence data containing single and double fences …
Universidad de Zaragoza(萨拉戈萨大学);Max Planck Institute for Informatics(马克斯·普朗克信息学研究所)
Observing and recognizing materials is a fundamental part of our daily life. Under typical viewing conditions, we are capable of effortlessly identifying the objects that surround us and recognizing the materials they are made of. Nevertheless, understanding the underlying perceptual processes that take place to accurately discern the visual properties of an object is a long-standing problem. In this work, we perform a comprehensive and systematic analysis of how the interplay of geometry, illumination, and their spatial frequencies affects human performance on material recognition tasks. We c…
MateRobot: Material Recognition in Wearable Robotics for People with Visual Impairments
Institute for Robotics and Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院机器人与人体工程学研究所);University of Oxford(牛津大学);Hangzhou SurImage Technology Company Ltd.(杭州 SurImage 科技有限公司)