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arXiv 1801.02248stat.CO
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通过特征函数的数值反演确定多元检验准则的精确分布

Exact distribution of selected multivariate test criteria by numerical inversion of their characteristic functions

Viktor Witkovský

摘要:

精确统计推断的应用经常导致所考虑的估计量或检验统计量的非标准概率分布。许多估计量和检验统计量的精确分布可以用它们的特征函数来表示。通常,许多估计量和检验统计量的分布可以在结构上表示为具有已知分布和特征函数的独立随机变量的线性组合或乘积,这是许多标准多元检验准则的情况。特征函数表示随机变量的分布的完整表征。然而,如果可能的话,特征函数的解析反演经常导致对应的分布函数(CDF/PDF)和所需分位数的复杂且计算上相当奇怪的表达式。作为一个有效的替代方案,在这里,我们主张使用众所周知的方法的基础上的数值反演的特征函数-一种方法,然而,在流行的统计软件包中被忽略。通过计算Bartlett检验统计量的精确分布来说明该方法的适用性,该检验统计量用于检验多个正态总体中的方差齐性和用于多变量假设检验的Wilks $Λ$分布。

英文摘要:

Application of the exact statistical inference frequently leads to a non-standard probability distributions of the considered estimators or test statistics. The exact distributions of many estimators and test statistics can be specified by their characteristic functions. Typically, distribution of many estimators and test statistics can be structurally expressed as a linear combination or product of independent random variables with known distributions and characteristic functions, as is the case for many standard multivariate test criteria. The characteristic function represents complete characterization of the distribution of the random variable. However, analytical inversion of the characteristic function, if possible, frequently leads to a complicated and computationally rather strange expressions for the corresponding distribution function (CDF/PDF) and the required quantiles. As an efficient alternative, here we advocate to use the well-known method based on numerical inversion of the characteristic functions --- a method which is, however, ignored in popular statistical software packages. The applicability of the approach is illustrated by computing the exact distribution of the Bartlett's test statistic for testing homogeneity of variances in several normal populations and the Wilks's $Λ$-distribution used in multivariate hypothesis testing.

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