arXiv 1801.021922018-01-07nucl-thcs.ITmath.IT

重离子碰撞中的Shannon信息熵

Shannon Information Entropy in Heavy-ion Collisions

Chun-Wang Ma, Yu-Gang Ma

备注：: 56 pages, 19 figures.Version accepted by Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. To be published in 2018
发表信息：: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 99 (2018) 120
DOI：: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.002

摘要：

介绍了C.E. Shannon信息熵是一种基于信息熵的方法，它从本质上量化了具有特定分布的量的信息，基于信息熵的方法在物理学等许多科学领域得到了深入的发展。重离子碰撞（HIC）过程的动力学特性使得核物质及其演化的研究变得困难和复杂，Shannon信息熵理论可以为理解这一物理现象提供新的方法和观测量。为了更好地理解HIC的过程，简要介绍了典型模型的主要特点，包括量子分子动力学模型、热力学模型和统计模型等。收集了Shannon信息论在HIC中的典型应用，包括强子碰撞分支过程中的混沌行为、HIC中的液-气相变以及丰中子系统HIC中产生的中等质量碎片的等压差标度现象。尽管目前在重离子碰撞物理中的应用还比较简单，但它将有助于我们探索一些关键问题。建议进一步发展核反应模型中的信息熵方法，并发展新的分析方法来研究HIC中核物质的性质，特别是动力学系统的演化。

英文摘要：

The general idea of information entropy provided by C.E. Shannon "hangs over everything we do" and can be applied to a great variety of problems once the connection between a distribution and the quantities of interest is found. The Shannon information entropy essentially quantify the information of a quantity with its specific distribution, for which the information entropy based methods have been deeply developed in many scientific areas including physics. The dynamical properties of heavy-ion collisions (HICs) process make it difficult and complex to study the nuclear matter and its evolution, for which Shannon information entropy theory can provide new methods and observables to understand the physical phenomena both theoretically and experimentally. To better understand the processes of HICs, the main characteristics of typical models, including the quantum molecular dynamics models, thermodynamics models, and statistical models, etc, are briefly introduced. The typical applications of Shannon information theory in HICs are collected, which cover the chaotic behavior in branching process of hadron collisions, the liquid-gas phase transition in HICs, and the isobaric difference scaling phenomenon for intermediate mass fragments produced in HICs of neutron-rich systems. Even though the present applications in heavy-ion collision physics are still relatively simple, it would shed light on key questions we are seeking for. It is suggested to further develop the information entropy methods in nuclear reactions models, as well as to develop new analysis methods to study the properties of nuclear matters in HICs, especially the evolution of dynamics system.

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