Yoshitaka Hatta
I give a brief overview of the science cases of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) with a particular emphasis on the connections to the physics of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions.
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In this talk, I demonstrate that the proposed Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will be an ideal and unique future facility to address many overarching questions about QCD and strong interaction physics at one place. The EIC will be the world's first polarized electron-proton (and light ion), as well as the first electron-nucleus collider at flexible collision energies. With its high luminosity and beam polarization, the EIC distinguishes itself from HERA and the other fixed target electron-hadron facilities around the world. The EIC is capable of taking us to the next QCD frontier to explore the gl…
The exclusive vector meson production in electron-ion collisions for the energies of the future colliders is investigated. We present predictions for the coherent and incoherent $ϕ$ and $J/ψ$ production in $eAu$ collisions considering the possible states of nucleon configurations in the nuclear wave function and taking into account of the non-linear corrections to the QCD dynamics. The cross sections and transverse momentum distributions are estimated assuming the energies of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) and Future Circular Collider (FCC-$eh$). Our res…
Nuclear Fragmentation at the Future Electron-Ion Collider
本文通过对比EIC电子-核散射与LHC超周边碰撞的等效光子方法，分析了两者对撞机上核碎裂的差异，发现EIC碎裂截面比LHC小约1000倍且以中子发射为主，但仍具备开展独特光核物理研究的潜力。
Bremsstrahlung Cross Section with Polarized Beams for Luminosity Determination at the EIC
本文在领头阶计算了EIC极化束流的轫致辐射截面并推导了微分解析式，发现依赖极化的截面分量因低$q^2$特性相对于非极化Bethe-Heitler分量被高度抑制，为亮度测量提供了理论依据。
This document is submitted as input to the NuPECC Long Range Plan 2024 by three European members of the EIC Users Group Steering Committee (Vice Chair, one at-large member, and the EU Representative). We submit the document on behalf of the international EIC Users Group (EICUG) community, but we specifically represent 335 European members of the EICUG (25%) based in 80 institutions (30% of the total) located in Armenia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom. T…
We present a detailed phenomenological study of polarized inclusive jet production in electron-proton collisions at a future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). Our analysis is performed at next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD using the numerical code DISTRESS and includes all relevant partonic channels and resolved photon contributions. We elucidate the role of different kinematic regions in probing different aspects of proton and photon structure and study the impact of the EIC collision energy on the measurement of polarized parton distribution functions.
A future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will deliver luminosities of $10^{33} - 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ for collisions of polarized electrons and protons and heavy ions over a wide range of center-of-mass energies (40 $\mathrm{GeV}$ to 145 $\mathrm{GeV}$). One of its promising physics programs is to study the partonic structure of quasi-real photons. Measuring di-jet in photoproduction events, one can effectively access the underlying parton dynamics of the photons through the selection of the resolved photon processes. In this paper, we discuss the feasibility of tagging resolved photon proce…
Towards three-dimensional nucleon structures at the Electron-Ion Collider in China: A study of the Sivers function
该研究以Sivers函数为例，通过联合分析全球现有数据与EicC模拟数据，验证了中国电子离子对撞机可在$x>0.005$区域精确测定不同夸克味的横动量依赖部分子分布函数，为EicC的三维核子结构研究提供支撑。
We provide an assessment of the energy dependence of key measurements within the scope of the machine parameters for a U.S. based Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) outlined in the EIC White Paper. We first examine the importance of the physics underlying these measurements in the context of the outstanding questions in nuclear science. We then demonstrate, through detailed simulations of the measurements, that the likelihood of transformational scientific insights is greatly enhanced by making the energy range and reach of the EIC as large as practically feasible.
Lambda polarization at Electron-ion collider in China
本文研究中国电子离子对撞机（EicC）能量下电子-质子碰撞中Λ粒子的产生与重建，基于探测器性能，并以自发横向极化为例给出一个月数据采集的理论预测，为自旋物理研究提供见解。
In this proceeding, I review what we have learned, and what we will be able to learn, about low-$x$ physics from proton-nucleus ($pA$) collisions at RHIC and the LHC, and how this complements future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) measurements. EIC not only will provide us essential and complementary information about the gluon saturation to the knowledge that we have learned from $pA$ collisions at RHIC and the LHC, it will also allow us to visualize the internal structure of protons and nuclei in a multi-dimensional fashion with unprecedented precision.
Tracing the Evolution of Nuclear Excitation at the Electron-Ion Collider
本研究利用 BeAGLE 模拟 EIC 电子-核碰撞，证明平均横动量 k 的逐事件涨落可区分硬散射、核内级联与退激阶段并约束核激发机制。
An electron ion collider has been proposed in China (EicC). It is anticipated that the facility would provide polarised electrons, protons and ion beams, in collisions with large centre-of-mass energy. This discussion highlights its potential to address issues that are central to understanding the emergence of mass within the Standard Model, using examples that range from the exploration of light-meson structure, through measurements of near-threshold heavy-quarkonia production, and on to studies of the spectrum of exotic hadrons.
Heavy flavor production at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will allow us to precisely determine the quark/gluon fragmentation processes in vacuum and the nuclear medium especially within the poorly constrained kinematic region. Heavy flavor hadron and jet reconstruction with the recent EIC detector design have been studies in simulation. Results of corresponding physics projections such as the flavor dependent hadron nuclear modification factor $R_{eA}$ in electron+nucleus collisions will be shown. The statistical precision obtained by these proposed heavy flavor measurements for the fu…
We provide a comprehensive overview of transversely polarized $Λ$ production at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). In particular, we study both spontaneous transverse $Λ$ polarization as well as the transverse spin transfer within the Transverse Momentum Dependent (TMD) factorization region. To describe spontaneous $Λ$ polarization, we consider the contribution from the TMD Polarizing Fragmentation Function (TMD PFF). Similarly, we study the contribution of the transverse spin transfer originating from the transversity TMD Fragmentation Function (TMD FF). We provide projections for the st…
We consider the one-parameter family of jet substructure observables known as angularities using the specific case of inclusive jets arising from photoproduction events at an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). We perform numerical calculations at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy within perturbative QCD and compare our results to PYTHIA 6 predictions. Overall, we find good agreement and conclude that jet substructure observables are feasible at the EIC despite the relatively low jet transverse momentum and particle multiplicities. We investigate the size of subleading power corrections relevant a…
Exploration of hadronization through heavy flavor production at the future Electron-Ion Collider
本研究针对未来电子-离子对撞机EIC，依托ePIC探测器设计，通过模拟研究重味喷注子结构与喷注内重味强子，以探究夸克胶子的强子化过程，并将给出物理预期及与理论计算的对比。
Studying Maximal Entanglement and Bell Nonlocality at an Electron-Ion Collider
本文研究了电子离子对撞机中量子纠缠和贝尔非本地性的测量，发现纵向极化光子在Leading Order产生最大纠缠，横向极化光子在阈值及超相对论 regime 产生显著纠缠，为验证贝尔非本地性提供新途径。
In this letter we study the impact of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) on the phenomenological extraction of the tensor charge from a QCD global analysis of single transverse-spin asymmetries (SSAs). We generate EIC pseudo-data for the Collins effect in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering for proton and $^{3\!}He$ beams across multiple center-of-mass energies. We find a significant reduction in the uncertainties for the up, down, and isovector tensor charges that will make their extraction from EIC data on SSAs as precise as current lattice QCD calculations. We also analyze the constraints…
We study the potential of future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) data to probe four-fermion operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). The ability to perform measurements with both polarized electron and proton beams at the EIC provides a powerful tool that can disentangle the effects from different SMEFT operators. We compare the potential constraints from an EIC with those obtained from Drell-Yan data at the Large Hadron Collider. We show that EIC data plays an important complementary role since it probes combinations of Wilson coefficients not accessible through available D…
We present predictions and projections for hadron-in-jet measurements and electron-jet azimuthal correlations at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). These observables directly probe the three-dimensional (3D) structure of hadrons, in particular, the quark transversity and Sivers parton distributions and the Collins fragmentation functions. We explore the feasibility of these experimental measurements by detector simulations and discuss detector requirements. We conclude that jet observables have the potential to enhance the 3D imaging EIC program.
Machine learning-based jet and event classification at the Electron-Ion Collider with applications to hadron structure and spin physics
本研究探索了未来EIC上基于机器学习的喷注与事件分类方法，通过建立首批基准并评估探测器设计影响，证明其在部分子分布函数、自旋不对称性及冷核物质修改等强子结构与自旋物理研究中的关键应用价值。
The proposed high luminosity high energy Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will explore the proton/nuclear structure in a wide Bjorken-x ($x_{BJ}$) and $Q^{2}$ phase space. Heavy flavor products are generated in initial collisions and have their hadronization influenced by the nuclear medium. Heavy flavor hadron and jet measurements at the future EIC will allow us to better constrain the nPDFs especially in the poorly constrained high $x_{BJ}$ region, precisely determine the quark/gluon fragmentation processes and directly study the quark/gluon energy loss within the nuclear medium. These measuremen…
We study the potential of dijet photoproduction measurements at a future electron-ion collider (EIC) to better constrain our present knowledge of the nuclear parton distribution functions. Based on theoretical calculations at next-to-leading order and approximate next-to-next-to-leading order of perturbative QCD, we establish the kinematic reaches for three different EIC designs, the size of the parton density function modifications for four different light and heavy nuclei from He-4 over C-12 and Fe-56 to Pb-208 with respect to the free proton, and the improvement of EIC measurements with res…
This overview describes several science cases at the Electron-Ion-Collider (EIC) experiment which are traditional to general particle physics. It has an emphasis on connections between future measurements at the EIC and the physics topics explored at high-energy frontier colliders. It covers several selected topics, such as parton density functions, multi-quarks states, correlations of final-state particles, precision QCD measurements and forward jet physics. We will discuss possible EIC measurements that can improve previous experimental results obtained at high-energy (HEP) experiments.
Photoproduction of QED bound states in future electron-ion colliders
本研究探索未来电子-离子对撞机中QED单态轻子束缚态的光生过程，估算了三类仲轻子素的产生截面与事件率，结合双光子衰变运动学截断，指出仲μ子素可被首次观测，EIC有望发现仲τ子素。
The proposed high-energy and high-luminosity Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will provide one of the cleanest environments to precisely determine the nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) in a wide $x$-$Q^{2}$ range. Heavy flavor production at the EIC provides access to nPDFs in the poorly constrained high Bjorken-$x$ region, allows us to study the quark and gluon fragmentation processes, and constrains parton energy loss in cold nuclear matter. Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory are developing a new physics program to study heavy flavor production, flavor tagged jets, and he…
Based on rare fluctuations in strong interactions, we argue that there is a strong physical resemblance between the high multiplicity events in photo-nuclear collisions and those in $pA$ collisions, in which interesting long range collective phenomena are discovered. This indicates that the collectivity can also be studied in certain kinematic region of the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) where the incoming virtual photon has a sufficiently long lifetime. Using a model in the Color Glass Condensate formalism, we first show that the initial state interactions can explain the recent ATLAS a…
The possibilities to measure spin effects at a high-energy Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) are reviewed from a theory point of view. Various types of spin distributions and promising observables are discussed.
We calculate azimuthal correlations between the exclusively produced vector meson and the scattered electron in Deep Inelastic Scattering processes at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). We identify "kinematical" and "intrinsic" contributions to these correlations, and show that the correlations are sensitive to the non-trivial correlations in the gluon distribution of the target. Realistic predictions at the EIC kinematics are provided using two different approaches to describe the dipole-proton interaction at relatively small $x$.
Electron-Ion Collider as a Discovery Tool for Invisible Dark Bosons
电子-离子对撞机可通过高精度电子束测量和非相干散射标记技术，探测质量在10 MeV至10 GeV范围内的暗玻色子，其弱耦合和不可见衰变特性使其成为揭示暗物质相互作用的有力工具。
We investigate all the possible spin asymmetries that can occur in back-to-back electron-jet production with hadron observed inside a jet in electron-proton collisions. We derive the factorization formalism for all spin asymmetries and perform phenomenological studies for the future electron ion collider kinematics. We illustrate that the back-to-back electron-jet production opens up new opportunities to study transverse momentum dependent fragmentation functions and distribution functions.
The initial conditions in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions are determined by the small momentum fraction part of the nuclear wavefunction. This is the regime of gluon saturation and the most direct way to experimentally study it would be deep inelastic scattering at a high energy electron ion collider (EIC). This talk discusses some of the connections between physics at the EIC and the initial stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions. We argue that measurements at an EIC will provide detailed high-precision information about the parameters for the initial conditions, transverse geometr…
Charged-Current Elastic Scattering at the Electron-Ion Collider
电子-离子对撞机通过测量带电流弹性散射过程首次探测核子轴向形式因子，尽管具有挑战性，但可能通过专门仪器实现。
Diffractive dijet production at the electron-ion collider (EIC) has been proposed to study the gluon Wigner distribution at small-$x$. We investigate the soft gluon radiation associated with the final state jets and an all order resummation formula is derived. We show that the soft gluon resummation plays an important role to describe E791 data on $π$-induced diffractive dijet production at Fermilab. Predictions for the EIC are presented, and we emphasize that the soft gluon resummation is an important aspect to explore the nucleon/nucleus tomography through these processes.
Synergies between a U.S.-based Electron-Ion Collider and European Research in Particle Physics
本文作为ESPPU输入，阐述美国EIC项目旨在揭示夸克与胶子动力学，强调欧洲科学家的深度参与及该项目与CERN粒子物理研究间的协同效应将推动对撞机物理前沿进展。
Study of deeply virtual Compton scattering at the future Electron-Ion Collider
本文研究了未来EIC上ePIC探测器的DVCS测量对理解广义部分子分布、核子层析成像及康普顿形状因子的影响，并评估了辐射修正和π0背景贡献。
We propose the jet charge observable as a novel probe of flavor structure in the nucleon spin program at the Electron Ion Collider (EIC). We show that jet charge measurements can substantially enhance the sensitivity of spin asymmetries to different partonic flavors in the nucleon. This sensitivity can be further improved by constructing the jet charge using only a subset of hadron species (pions or kaons) in the jet. As an example, we use the Sivers asymmetry in back-to-back electron-jet production at the EIC to show that the jet charge can be a unique tool in constraining the Sivers function…
Displaced Signals of Hidden Vectors at the Electron-Ion Collider
本文研究了电子-离子对撞机（EIC）中通过清晰的位移顶点信号发现或限制多种模型的轻弱相互作用矢量玻色子的方法，并指出加入“远后向”粒子识别能力可显著提升新物理的探测范围。
Probing axion-like particles at the Electron-Ion Collider
本文评估EIC通过相干散射中光子融合产生并双光子衰变的ALPs，结合即时衰变与偏移顶点搜索，可覆盖0.2–20 GeV质量区间内大量未探索参数空间。
We discuss the measurement of gluon transverse momentum distribution (TMD) in dijet and heavy hadron pair (HHP) production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering. The factorization of these processes in impact parameter space shows the appearance of a specific new soft factor matrix element on top of angular a complex valued anomalous dimensions. We show in detail how these features can be treated consistently and we discuss a scale prescription for the evolution kernel of the dijet soft function. As a result we obtain phenomenological predictions for unpolarized and angular modulated cro…
In this whitepaper, we consider the model of heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) as an example to explore the potential of new physics searches at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). We propose two broad categories of search strategies depending on the HNL lifetime: direct searches for the prompt decay of HNLs with a short lifetime and displaced vertex searches for long-lived ones. After identifying the most promising signals and the corresponding backgrounds, we perform a detailed simulation to estimate the sensitivity of the EIC to HNLs, accounting for detector thresholds, resolutions, and geometric a…
We investigate the single transverse-spin asymmetry with a $\sin (ϕ_h-ϕ_S)$ modulation in the charged Kaon produced and in $Λ$ hyperon produced SIDIS process within the theoretical framework of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization at the next-to-leading-logarithmic order. The asymmetry is contributed by the convolution of Sivers function and the unpolarized fragmentation function $D_1$ for the produced hadron. The parametrization for the proton Qiu-Sterman function, which is closely related to the Sivers function, is adopted to numerically estimate the Sivers asymmetry at the kine…
We review our transverse momentum dependent factorization and resummation formalism for heavy flavor dijet production at the EIC. In this formalism, we have calculated the heavy flavor mass corrections in the collinear-soft and jet functions, and in the resummed expression for the cross section. By establishing this formalism, we then study the effects of the mass corrections by providing predictions at the EIC for the massive case and for the case where the mass is neglected. We find that the heavy flavor mass effects can give sizable corrections to the predicted asymmetry.
A U.S.-based Electron-Ion Collider will provide the ultimate capability to determine both the structure and properties of nucleons and nuclei, as well as how matter and energy can be transported through a strongly interacting quantum mechanical environment. The production and propagation of long-lived heavy subatomic particles is a unique and critical part of this planned decade-long research program. In these proceedings we report the derivation of all branching processes in nuclei that lead to a modification of semi-inclusive hadron production, jet cross sections, and jet substructure when c…
The future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a proposed new facility to collide high-energy electrons with beams of polarized protons/light nuclei and unpolarized nuclei. We overview the goals of the project and key measurements at the EIC. We also briefly comment on recent developments of the project.
We propose a new measurement of the heavy flavor hadron double spin asymmetry in deep-inelastic scattering at a future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) to constrain the polarized gluon distribution function inside the proton. Statistical projection on $D^0$ meson double spin asymmetry is calculated with an EIC central detector using an all-silicon tracker and vertexing subsystem. A first impact study was done by interpreting pseudo-data at next-to-leading order in QCD. The sensitivity of the experimental observable in constraining gluon helicity distribution in a wide range of parton momentum fract…
Two-particle azimuthal angle correlations have been proposed to be one of the most direct and sensitive probes to access the underlying gluon dynamics involved in hard scatterings. In anticipation of an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), detailed studies of dihadron correlation measurements in electron-proton and electron-ion collisions at an EIC have been performed. The impact of such measurements on the understanding of the different gluon distribution functions, as a clean signature for gluon saturation and to constrain saturation models further, has been explored. It is shown that dihadron corre…
Future electron-ion colliders (eIC) will focus on the unitarity properties of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) in the limit of strong nuclear absorption. Strong nuclear shadowing and a large abundance of coherent diffraction are the most striking consequences of unitarity, and here we report quantitative predictions for these effects in the kinematical range of the planned eIC.
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering at Future Electron-Ion Colliders
本文通过模拟EicC和EIC上的DVCS过程，并参照HERMES方法比较模型与不对称性伪数据，给出了质子中上、下夸克总角动量的模型依赖约束。
An Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) would enable next-generation measurements of deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) on the deuteron with detection of a forward-moving nucleon (p, n) and measurement of its recoil momentum ("spectator tagging"). Such experiments offer full control of the nuclear configuration during the high-energy process and can be used for precision studies of the neutron's partonic structure and its spin dependence, nuclear modifications of partonic structure, and nuclear shadowing at small x. We review the theoretical description of spectator tagging at EIC energies (light-front nu…
We discuss the prospects of using jets as precision probes in electron-nucleus collisions at the future Electron-Ion Collider. Jets produced in deep-inelastic scattering can be calibrated by a measurement of the scattered electron. Such electron-jet "tag and probe" measurements call for an approach that is orthogonal to most HERA jet measurements as well as previous studies of jets at the future EIC. We present observables such as the electron-jet momentum balance, azimuthal correlations and jet substructure, which can provide constraints on the parton transport coefficient in nuclei. We compa…
Prospects for measurements of the longitudinal proton structure function $F_L$ at the Electron Ion Collider
本文研究了未来EIC通过Rosenbluth分离方法提取纵向质子结构函数 $F_L$ 的潜力，发现其在适中亮度下即可实现前所未有的高精度测量，有效补充现有数据并直接探测质子胶子密度。
Electron Ion Collider (EIC) is a particle accelerator facility planned for construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, New York by the United States Department of Energy. EIC will provide capabilities of colliding beams of polarized electrons with polarized beams of proton and light ions. EIC will be one of the largest and most sophisticated new accelerator facilities worldwide, and the only new large-scale accelerator facility planned for construction in the United States in the next few decades. The versatility, resolving power and intensity of EIC will present many new op…
Opportunities for Imaging Light Nuclei with a Second Interaction Region at the Electron-Ion Collider
本文探讨了在电子离子对撞机的第二个相互作用区域利用轻核成像的可能性，通过标记完整核来研究相干衍射过程及部分子分布。
The axion-like particle (ALP) is a well motivated new particle candidate of beyond the Standard Model. In this work, we propose to probe the ALP through the photon fusion scattering at the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) with electron and proton energy $E_e=20~{\rm GeV}$ and $E_p=250~{\rm GeV}$. It shows that we could constrain the effective coupling strength between ALP and photons to be $0.2~{\rm TeV}^{-1}$ at $2σ$ confidence level with the integrated luminosity of $300~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ for the mass range $m_a\in [5,40]~{\rm GeV}$. Such bound could be much improved if we consider the nucl…
Improved Constraints on Pion Fragmentation Functions from Simulated Electron-Ion Collider Data
本研究通过结合EIC模拟数据与现有实验数据，在NLO精度下提取π介子碎裂函数，证明EIC测量能显著降低中高动量分数区域的不确定性，尤其对胶子和夸克碎裂函数，助力高精度提取。
Inclusive electron-proton measurement prospects in the Electron-Ion Collider early science stage
研究利用EIC早期数据提取质子结构函数、PDFs及强耦合常数，展示多束能配置提升测量精度，为QCD研究提供重要基础。
Full-event anomaly detection for new physics searches at the Electron-Ion Collider
本研究利用机器学习对电子-离子对撞机全事件进行异常检测，通过弱监督和生成模型增强新物理信号搜索灵敏度，并验证了无监督图自编码器的补充作用。
Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei. As a future high energy nuclear physics project, an Electron-ion collider in China (EicC) has been proposed. It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator, High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) which is currently under construction, together with a new electron ring. The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons (with a polarization of $\sim$80%) and protons (with a polarization of $\sim$70%) with variable center o…
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