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arXiv 1712.08045astro-ph.SR
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$Λ$效应的磁和转动淬灭

Magnetic and rotational quenching of the $Λ$ effect

Petri J. Käpylä

摘要:

背景:恒星的差旋是由角动量的湍流输运驱动的。目的:测量和参数化湍流应力的非扩散贡献,称为$Λ$效应,及其作为旋转和磁场函数的淬火。研究方法:均匀,各向异性强迫湍流在完全周期性立方体的模拟被用来提取湍流雷诺应力和麦克斯韦应力。磁场通过在系统上施加均匀的大尺度场来引入。通过拟合得到了与$Λ$效应有关的湍流输运系数。结果:在低速旋转和低雷诺数条件下,数值结果与解析结果定性一致。这意味着垂直(水平)迁移是向下(向赤道)的。证实了存在显著的双相$Λ$效应。当雷诺数超过某一阈值时,在快速旋转时会产生大尺度涡量。$Λ$效应被大尺度磁场严重淬灭,这是由于雷诺应力和麦克斯韦应力相互抵消的趋势。在模拟中,$Λ$的旋转(磁)淬灭发生在比理论更快的旋转(在较低的场强下)。结论:目前的结果在很大程度上证实了早期的理论结果,但他们也提供了新的见解:不可忽略的纬向$Λ$效应可能在维持恒星的纬向环流中发挥作用,大尺度涡旋的出现提出了它们对恒星角动量输运的影响的问题。关于磁淬灭的结果是一致的,在最近的半全球模拟的差异旋转的强烈减少,并强调了在差异旋转模型中包括磁效应的重要性。(节略)

英文摘要:

Context: Differential rotation in stars is driven by turbulent transport of angular momentum. Aims: To measure and parametrize the non-diffusive contribution to turbulent stress, known as $Λ$ effect, and its quenching as a function of rotation and magnetic field. Methods: Simulations of homogeneous, anisotropically forced turbulence in fully periodic cubes are used to extract the turbulent Reynolds and Maxwell stresses. Magnetic fields are introduced by imposing a uniform large-scale field on the system. Turbulent transport coefficients pertaining to the $Λ$ effect are obtained by fitting. Results: The numerical results agree qualitatively with analytic ones at slow rotation and low Reynolds numbers. This entails that vertical (horizontal) transport is downward (equatorward). The existence of a significant meridional $Λ$ effect is confirmed. Large-scale vorticity generation is found at rapid rotation when the Reynolds number exceeds a threshold value. The $Λ$ effect is severely quenched by large-scale magnetic fields due to the tendency of the Reynolds and Maxwell stresses to cancel each other. Rotational (magnetic) quenching of $Λ$ occurs at more rapid rotation (at lower field strength) in simulations than in theory. Conclusions: The current results largely confirm the earlier theoretical results but they also offer new insights: the non-negligible meridional $Λ$ effect possibly plays a role in the maintenance of meridional circulation in stars and the appearance of large-scale vortices raises the question of their effect on the angular momentum transport in stars. The results regarding magnetic quenching are consistent with the strong decrease of differential rotation in recent semi-global simulations and highlight the importance of including magnetic effects in differential rotation models. (abridged)

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