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arXiv 1709.09435astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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渐近巨星分支星$π^{1}$ Gru的扩展分子包层由ALMA I观测到。大尺度运动学结构与CO激发特性

The extended molecular envelope of the asymptotic giant branch star $π^{1}$ Gruis as seen by ALMA I. Large-scale kinematic structure and CO excitation properties

L. Doan, S. Ramstedt, W. H. T. Vlemmings, S. Höfner, E. De Beck, F. Kerschbaum, M. Lindqvist, M. Maercker, S. Mohamed, C. Paladini, M. Wittkowski

摘要:

S-型渐近巨星分支(AGB)恒星$π^{1}$ Gruis有一颗距离$\approx$ 400 AU的伴星。包层结构,包括赤道环面和快速双极外流,是很少看到的AGB阶段,特别是在这样一个广泛的双星系统意想不到的。因此,有人提出了第二个更接近的伴星,但证据并不确凿。新的ALMA $^{12}$ CO和$^{13}$ CO $J$ =3-2的数据,连同以前公布的$^{12}$ CO $J$ =2-1的数据从亚毫米阵列(SMA),和$^{12}$ CO $J$ =5-4和$J$ =9-8线观察到的赫歇尔/外差仪器的远红外(HIFI),是模拟与三维非LTE辐射传输代码SHAPEMOL。数据分析清楚地证实了环面双极结构。CSE的三维模型可以满意地再现数据,它由三个运动学分量组成:沿赤道平面径向膨胀的环面,其速度从8 km s $^{-1}$缓慢增加到13 km s,中心的径向膨胀分量,其速度为14 km s $^{-1}$ ;以及一个快速的双极外流,其速度从底部的14 km s $^{-1}$成比例地增加到顶部的100 km s $^{-1}$,遵循线性径向依赖性。结果用于估计在7.7 $\times$ 10 $^{-7}$ M $_{\odot}$ yr $^{-1}$的环面创建期间的平均质量损失率。快速外流的总质量和线性动量估计分别为7.3 $\times$ 10 $^{-4}$ M $_{\odot}$和9.6 $\times$ 10 $^{37}$ g cm s $^{-1}$。外流的动量超过了(大约20倍)单独由辐射压力产生的动量,这与最近对更进化的源的研究结果一致。最佳拟合模型还表明$^{12}$ CO/ $^{13}$ CO丰度比为50。讨论了气体包层可能的成形方案

英文摘要:

The S-type asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star $π^{1}$ Gruis has a known companion at a separation of $\approx$400 AU. The envelope structure, including an equatorial torus and a fast bipolar outflow, is rarely seen in the AGB phase and is particularly unexpected in such a wide binary system. Therefore a second, closer companion has been suggested, but the evidence is not conclusive. The new ALMA $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO $J$=3-2 data, together with previously published $^{12}$CO $J$=2-1 data from the Submillimeter Array (SMA), and the $^{12}$CO $J$=5-4 and $J$=9-8 lines observed with Herschel/Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI), is modeled with the 3D non-LTE radiative transfer code SHAPEMOL. The data analysis clearly confirms the torus-bipolar structure. The 3D model of the CSE that satisfactorily reproduces the data consists of three kinematic components: a radially expanding torus with velocity slowly increasing from 8 to 13 km s$^{-1}$ along the equator plane; a radially expanding component at the center with a constant velocity of 14 km s$^{-1}$; and a fast, bipolar outflow with velocity proportionally increasing from 14 km s$^{-1}$ at the base up to 100 km s$^{-1}$ at the tip, following a linear radial dependence. The results are used to estimate an average mass-loss rate during the creation of the torus of 7.7$\times$10$^{-7}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. The total mass and linear momentum of the fast outflow are estimated at 7.3$\times$10$^{-4}$ M$_{\odot}$ and 9.6$\times$10$^{37}$ g cm s$^{-1}$, respectively. The momentum of the outflow is in excess (by a factor of about 20) of what could be generated by radiation pressure alone, in agreement with recent findings for more evolved sources. The best-fit model also suggests a $^{12}$CO/$^{13}$CO abundance ratio of 50. Possible shaping scenarios for the gas envelope are discussed

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