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arXiv 1709.08673astro-ph.HE
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低光度II型高原超新星的祖先

Progenitors of low-luminosity Type II-Plateau supernovae

Sergey M. Lisakov, Luc Dessart, D. John Hillier, Roni Waldman, Eli Livne

摘要:

低光度II型高原超新星(SNe II-P)的前身被认为是红超巨星(RSG),但在文献中关于它们在核心坍缩时的质量和主序星的质量存在很大差异。在这里,我们模拟SN辐射所产生的低能量爆炸的RSG星的主序列上的12,25和27 M $_{\odot}$,并通过单星演化形成。尽管在我们的模型组中喷出物动能的范围很窄(2.5 $-$ 4.2 $\times$ 10 $^{50}$ erg),但来自我们三个模型的SN观测值明显不同,反映了祖先结构的差异(例如,表面半径、富H包层质量、He核质量)。我们的更高质量的RSG恒星产生II型SNe,在早期往往有更蓝的颜色,更短的光球相位,和更快的下降$V$ -波段光变曲线(LC)更典型的II型线性SNe,与低光度SNe II观察到的LC平台相冲突。在我们的高质量RSG星的低能量爆炸中,CO核心的完全后退阻止了任何${}^{56}$ Ni的喷射(也没有任何核心O或Si),与低光度SNe II-P形成对比,SNe II-P喷射至少0.001 M $_{\odot}$的${}^{56}$ Ni。与观测结果相反,来自高质量RSG的II型SN模型倾向于显示H $α$吸收,该吸收在后期仍然很宽(由于富H包层底部的速度较大)。与爆前测光的分析一致,我们得出结论,低光度SNe II-P可能来自低质量而不是高质量的RSG星。

英文摘要:

The progenitors of low-luminosity Type II-Plateau supernovae (SNe II-P) are believed to be red supergiant (RSG) stars, but there is much disparity in the literature concerning their mass at core collapse and therefore on the main sequence. Here, we model the SN radiation arising from the low-energy explosion of RSG stars of 12, 25, and 27 M$_{\odot}$ on the main sequence and formed through single star evolution. Despite the narrow range in ejecta kinetic energy (2.5$-$4.2$\times$10$^{50}$ erg) in our model set, the SN observables from our three models are significantly distinct, reflecting the differences in progenitor structure (e.g., surface radius, H-rich envelope mass, He-core mass). Our higher mass RSG stars give rise to Type II SNe that tend to have bluer colors at early times, a shorter photospheric phase, and a faster declining $V$-band light curve (LC) more typical of Type II-linear SNe, in conflict with the LC plateau observed for low-luminosity SNe II. The complete fallback of the CO core in the low-energy explosions of our high mass RSG stars prevents the ejection of any ${}^{56}$Ni (nor any core O or Si), in contrast to low-luminosity SNe II-P, which eject at least 0.001 M$_{\odot}$ of ${}^{56}$Ni. In contrast to observations, type II SN models from higher mass RSGs tend to show an H$α$ absorption that remains broad at late times (due to a larger velocity at the base of the H-rich envelope). In agreement with the analyses of pre-explosion photometry, we conclude that low-luminosity SNe II-P likely arise from low-mass rather than high-mass RSG stars.

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