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arXiv 1709.05029cond-mat.stat-mechmath.MG
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常曲率曲面上圆盘的随机顺序吸附:平面、球面、双曲面和射影平面

Random sequential adsorption of discs on constant-curvature surfaces: plane, sphere, hyperboloid, and projective plane

Elizabeth R. Chen, Miranda Holmes-Cerfon

摘要:

我们提出了一种算法来模拟随机顺序吸附(随机“停车”)的恒定曲率的表面上的光盘:平面,球体,双曲面,投影平面,所有嵌入在三维空间。我们模拟完整的停车场,明确计算的可用区域的边界,光盘可以停在这个地区集中新的点。这使得我们的算法高效,并提供了一个诊断来确定每次停车何时完成,因此不需要从不完整的停车场中推断数据来研究物理问题。我们用我们的算法来研究的数量分布和密度的光盘停在每个空间,其中的平面和双曲面,我们认为两个不同的周期性平铺。我们做了几个值得注意的观察:(i)在球面上,有一个临界的圆盘半径,这样停放的圆盘的数量总是正好是四个:随机停放实际上是确定性的。我们严格证明了这一说法,也表明,随机停车的表面上的$d$维球体将具有确定性的行为在相同的临界半径。(ii)当圆盘半径减小时,停放圆盘的平均数量并不总是单调增加:在平面上(具有周期性边界条件的正方形),存在一个半径减小的间隔,在该间隔内,平均值 * 减小 *。我们给这个违反直觉的发现一个启发式的解释。(iii)当圆盘半径缩小到零时,密度(被停放的圆盘覆盖的面积的平均分数)似乎收敛到所有空间的相同常数,尽管它总是略大于球体,略小于双曲面。因此,对于一般曲面上的停车场,我们预计正曲率区域的局部密度较高,负曲率区域的局部密度较低。

英文摘要:

We present an algorithm to simulate random sequential adsorption (random "parking") of discs on constant-curvature surfaces: the plane, sphere, hyperboloid, and projective plane, all embedded in three-dimensional space. We simulate complete parkings by explicitly calculating the boundary of the available area in which discs can park and concentrating new points in this area. This makes our algorithm efficient and also provides a diagnostic to determine when each parking is complete, so there is no need to extrapolate data from incomplete parkings to study questions of physical interest. We use our algorithm to study the number distribution and density of discs parked in each space, where for the plane and hyperboloid we consider two different periodic tilings each. We make several notable observations: (i) On the sphere, there is a critical disc radius such the number of discs parked is always exactly four: the random parking is actually deterministic. We prove this statement rigorously, and also show that random parking on the surface of a $d$-dimensional sphere would have deterministic behaviour at the same critical radius. (ii) The average number of parked discs does not always monotonically increase as the disc radius decreases: on the plane (square with periodic boundary conditions), there is an interval of decreasing radius over which the average *decreases*. We give a heuristic explanation for this counterintuitive finding. (iii) As the disc radius shrinks to zero, the density (average fraction of area covered by parked discs) appears to converge to the same constant for all spaces, though it is always slightly larger for a sphere and slightly smaller for a hyperboloid. Therefore, for parkings on a general curved surface we would expect higher local densities in regions of positive curvature and lower local densities in regions of negative curvature.

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