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arXiv 1709.02784astro-ph.HE
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作为ICM物理学探测器的剥离椭圆星系:III。NGC 4552的深钱德拉观测-测量团内介质的粘度

Stripped elliptical galaxies as probes of ICM physics: III. Deep Chandra Observation of NGC 4552 - Measuring the Viscosity of the Intracluster Medium

Ralph Kraft, Elke Roediger, Marie Machacek, William Forman, Paul Nulsen, Christine Jones, Eugene Churazov, Scott Randall, Yuanyuan Su, Alexander Sheardown

摘要:

本文介绍了对落入室女星系团的早型星系NGC 4552(M89)的深(200 ks)钱德拉观测结果。以前对这个星系较浅的X射线观测显示了一个残余的气体核心,星系南部的尾巴,以及连接到气体核心北部边缘的双“角”[machacek 05 a]。在我们更深入的数据中,我们检测到一个扩散的,低表面亮度的延伸到以前已知的尾巴,并测量尾巴内的温度结构。我们结合深钱德拉数据与档案XMM-牛顿观测,把一个强大的上限弥漫发射的尾巴了一个很大的距离(10 $\times$的半径的残余核心)从星系中心。在我们之前的两篇论文[roediger 15 a,roediger 15 b]中,我们提出了专门针对落入室女星系团的M89的冲压压力剥离的流体动力学模拟结果,并研究了ICM粘度的影响。在本文中,我们将我们的深层数据与我们专门定制的模拟进行了比较,并得出结论,NGC 4552中所观察到的剥离尾部的形态与无粘模型最相似。我们的结论是,在某种程度上的运输过程可以简单地建模为流体动力学粘度,ICM粘度是可以忽略不计的。更一般地说,任何微观尺度的描述中的高$β$等离子体的集群ICM的运输过程必须与宏观尺度上的剥离尾部观察到的有效混合一致。

英文摘要:

We present results from a deep (200 ks) Chandra observation of the early-type galaxy NGC 4552 (M89) which is falling into the Virgo cluster. Previous shallower X-ray observations of this galaxy showed a remnant gas core, a tail to the South of the galaxy, and twin `horns' attached to the northern edge of the gas core [machacek05a]. In our deeper data, we detect a diffuse, low surface brightness extension to the previously known tail, and measure the temperature structure within the tail. We combine the deep Chandra data with archival XMM-Newton observations to put a strong upper limit on the diffuse emission of the tail out to a large distance (10$\times$the radius of the remnant core) from the galaxy center. In our two previous papers [roediger15a,roediger15b], we presented the results of hydrodynamical simulations of ram pressure stripping specifically for M89 falling into the Virgo cluster and investigated the effect of ICM viscosity. In this paper, we compare our deep data with our specifically tailored simulations and conclude that the observed morphology of the stripped tail in NGC 4552 is most similar to the inviscid models. We conclude that, to the extent the transport processes can be simply modeled as a hydrodynamic viscosity, the ICM viscosity is negligible. More generally, any micro-scale description of the transport processes in the high-$β$ plasma of the cluster ICM must be consistent with the efficient mixing observed in the stripped tail on macroscopic scales.

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