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arXiv 1709.02487astro-ph.HE
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II型超新星光谱多样性I:观测、样品表征和谱线演化

Type II supernova spectral diversity I: Observations, sample characterization and spectral line evolution

Claudia P. Gutiérrez, Joseph P. Anderson, Mario Hamuy, Nidia Morrell, Santiago González-Gaitan, Maximilian D. Stritzinger, Mark M. Phillips, Lluis Galbany, Gast… 展开作者

Claudia P. Gutiérrez, Joseph P. Anderson, Mario Hamuy, Nidia Morrell, Santiago González-Gaitan, Maximilian D. Stritzinger, Mark M. Phillips, Lluis Galbany, Gastón Folatelli, Luc Dessart, Carlos Contreras, Massimo Della Valle, Wendy L. Freedman, Eric Y. Hsiao, Kevin Krisciunas, Barry F. Madore, José Maza, Nicholas B. Suntzeff, Jose Luis Prieto, Luis González, Enrico Cappellaro, Mauricio Navarrete, Alessandro Pizzella, Maria T. Ruiz, R. Chris Smith, Massimo Turatto

摘要:

我们提供了1986年至2009年期间获得的122颗附近II型超新星(SNe II)的888个可见波长光谱,范围在爆炸后3至363天之间。在这第一篇论文中,我们概述了我们的观测和数据处理技术,以及基于SNe~II光谱多样性的表征。的光谱匹配技术的统计分析进行了讨论,作为一种替代非检测的限制估计SN爆炸时期。谱线的时间演变的介绍和分析,这是如何不同的SNe不同的光度,光谱和环境属性:速度,伪等效宽度,下降率,幅度,持续时间,和环境金属丰度。我们的样品显示了一个大范围的喷出物膨胀速度,从$\sim9600$到$\sim1500$公里秒$^{-1}$在爆炸后50天的中值H $_α$值为7300公里秒$^{-1}$。这很可能是通过不同的爆炸能量来解释的。显着的多样性也观察到的绝对强度的谱线,其特征在于通过其伪等效宽度。这意味着显着的差异,在温度演化(与祖半径)和祖金属丰度之间的不同SNe~II。大约60%的样品在爆炸后7至120天之间在H $_α$ P-Cygni曲线的蓝色一侧显示出额外的吸收成分(“Cachito”特征)。研究Cachito的性质,我们得出结论,这些功能在早期($\sim35$天之前)与\ion{Si}{2} $\lambda6355$,而过去的中期平台阶段,他们与氢线的高速(HV)功能。

英文摘要:

We present 888 visual-wavelength spectra of 122 nearby type II supernovae (SNe II) obtained between 1986 and 2009, and ranging between 3 and 363 days post explosion. In this first paper, we outline our observations and data reduction techniques, together with a characterization based on the spectral diversity of SNe~II. A statistical analysis of the spectral matching technique is discussed as an alternative to non-detection constraints for estimating SN explosion epochs. The time evolution of spectral lines is presented and analysed in terms of how this differs for SNe of different photometric, spectral, and environmental properties: velocities, pseudo-equivalent widths, decline rates, magnitudes, time durations, and environment metallicity. Our sample displays a large range in ejecta expansion velocities, from $\sim9600$ to $\sim1500$ km s$^{-1}$ at 50 days post explosion with a median H$_α$ value of 7300 km s$^{-1}$. This is most likely explained through differing explosion energies. Significant diversity is also observed in the absolute strength of spectral lines, characterised through their pseudo-equivalent widths. This implies significant diversity in both temperature evolution (linked to progenitor radius) and progenitor metallicity between different SNe~II. Around 60\% of our sample show an extra absorption component on the blue side of the H$_α$ P-Cygni profile ("Cachito" feature) between 7 and 120 days since explosion. Studying the nature of Cachito, we conclude that these features at early times (before $\sim35$ days) are associated with \ion{Si}{2} $\lambda6355$, while past the middle of the plateau phase they are related to high velocity (HV) features of hydrogen lines.

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