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arXiv 1709.01034physics.ins-det
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高堆积环境下两种基于硬件的跟踪器命中过滤方法的比较

Comparison of two hardware-based hit filtering methods for trackers in high-pileup environments

Joakim Gradin, Mikael Mårtensson, Richard Brenner

摘要:

由于高能物理实验的目的是测量越来越罕见的过程,实验不断努力提高预期的信号产率。在LHC的高亮度升级的情况下,通过增加同时发生的质子-质子相互作用的数量来提高亮度,即所谓的堆积。这增加了信号和背景过程的预期产量。信号嵌入在一个模拟信号事件的过程的大背景中。因此,实验必须开发新的触发方法,以有效地区分感兴趣的事件和背景。我们提出了两种方法的比较过滤检测器命中用于触发粒子轨迹:一个基于模式匹配技术,使用联想记忆(AM)芯片和其他基于霍夫变换。他们的效率和命中拒绝质子-质子碰撞与不同数量的堆积使用模拟的通用硅跟踪探测器进行评估。据发现,虽然这两种方法都是可行的选择,一个有效的跟踪触发,基于AM的模式匹配产生一个较低数量的命中组合相对于霍夫变换,同时保持更多的真实信号命中。我们还提出了两种方法的效果时,增加的检测器中的支持材料的量,并通过停用检测器模块引入低效率。增加的支撑材料对两种方法的效率的影响可以忽略不计,而对于两种方法,无论堆积的量如何,降低5%(10%)的可用模块都将效率降低到约95%(87%)。

英文摘要:

As experiments in high energy physics aims to measure increasingly rare processes, the experiments continually strive to increase the expected signal yields. In the case of the High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC, the luminosity is raised by increasing the number of simultaneous proton-proton interactions, so-called pile-up. This increases the expected yields of signal and background processes alike. The signal is embedded in a large background of processes that mimic that of signal events. It is therefore imperative for the experiments to develop new triggering methods to effectively distinguish the interesting events from the background. We present a comparison of two methods for filtering detector hits to be used for triggering on particle tracks: one based on a pattern matching technique using Associative Memory (AM) chips and the other based on the Hough transform. Their efficiency and hit rejection are evaluated for proton-proton collisions with varying amounts of pile-up using a simulation of a generic silicon tracking detector. It is found that, while both methods are feasible options for an efficient track trigger, the AM based pattern matching produces a lower number of hit combinations with respect to the Hough transform whilst keeping more of the true signal hits. We also present the effect on the two methods when increasing the amount of support material in the detector and introducing inefficiencies by deactivating detector modules. The increased support material has negligible effects on the efficiency for both methods, while dropping 5% (10%) of the available modules decreases the efficiency to about 95% (87%) for both methods, irrespectively of the amount of pile-up.

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