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arXiv 1708.04830astro-ph.HE
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大范围空气簇射发射的辐射能量的模拟不确定性

Modelling uncertainty of the radiation energy emitted by extensive air showers

Marvin Gottowik, Christian Glaser, Tim Huege, Julian Rautenberg

摘要:

最近,利用无线电发射测定大范围空气簇射的能量已被证明是精确和准确的。特别是,无线电探测为独立测量宇宙射线的绝对能量提供了机会,因为辐射能量(以无线电信号形式辐射的能量)可以使用不涉及自由参数的第一原理计算来预测,并且无线电波的测量不会受到大气中任何显著吸收或散射的影响。在这里,我们通过比较用两个代码CoREAS和ZHAireS进行的蒙特卡罗模拟,验证了从微观模拟代码计算辐射能量的实施。为了将无线电发射计算中的电势差与空气簇射模拟中的差异隔离开来,模拟是在等效设置下进行的,特别是强子相互作用和大气描述的相同模型。比较一个大的模拟与不同的主要能源和淋浴方向,我们观察到的差异总额只有3.3%。这相当于在确定绝对能量标度时的不确定性仅为1.6%,因此打开了使用辐射能量作为宇宙射线实验的精确校准方法的潜力。

英文摘要:

Recently, the energy determination of extensive air showers using radio emission has been shown to be both precise and accurate. In particular, radio detection offers the opportunity for an independent measurement of the absolute energy of cosmic rays, since the radiation energy (the energy radiated in the form of radio signals) can be predicted using first-principle calculations involving no free parameters, and the measurement of radio waves is not subject to any significant absorption or scattering in the atmosphere. Here, we verify the implementation of radiation-energy calculations from microscopic simulation codes by comparing Monte Carlo simulations made with the two codes CoREAS and ZHAireS. To isolate potential differences in the radio-emission calculation from differences in the air-shower simulation, the simulations are performed with equivalent settings, especially the same model for the hadronic interactions and the description of the atmosphere. Comparing a large set of simulations with different primary energies and shower directions we observe differences amounting to a total of only 3.3 %. This corresponds to an uncertainty of only 1.6 % in the determination of the absolute energy scale and thus opens the potential of using the radiation energy as an accurate calibration method for cosmic ray experiments.

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