Surface operators, chiral rings, and localization in N=2 gauge theories
S. K. Ashok, M. Billo, E. Dell'Aquila, M. Frau, V. Gupta, R. R. John, A. Lerda
备注：
41 pages. v3: typos corrected in the text and in some formulae. Some sentences rephrased according to the suggestions of the referee. Matches the version published on JHEP
We study half-BPS surface operators in supersymmetric gauge theories in four and five dimensions following two different approaches. In the first approach we analyze the chiral ring equations for certain quiver theories in two and three dimensions, coupled respectively to four- and five-dimensional gauge theories. The chiral ring equations, which arise from extremizing a twisted chiral superpotential, are solved as power series in the infrared scales of the quiver theories. In the second approach we use equivariant localization and obtain the twisted chiral superpotential as a function of the Coulomb moduli of the four- and five-dimensional gauge theories, and find a perfect match with the results obtained from the chiral ring equations. In the five-dimensional case this match is achieved after solving a number of subtleties in the localization formulas which amounts to choosing a particular residue prescription in the integrals that yield the Nekrasov-like partition functions for ramified instantons. We also comment on the necessity of including Chern-Simons terms in order to match the superpotentials obtained from dual quiver descriptions of a given surface operator.
Four-dimensional N = 2 superconformal quantum field theories contain a subsector carrying the structure of a chiral algebra. Using localization techniques, we show for the free hypermultiplet that this structure can be accessed directly from the path integral on the four-sphere. We extend the localization computation to include supersymmetric surface defects described by a generic 4d/2d coupled system. The presence of a defect corresponds to considering a module of the chiral algebra: our results provide a calculational window into its structure constants.
We find the complete chiral ring relations of the supersymmetric U(N) gauge theories with matter in adjoint representation. We demonstrate exact correspondence between the solutions of the chiral ring and the supersymmetric vacua of the gauge theory. The chiral ring determines the expectation values of chiral operators and the low energy gauge group. All the vacua have nonzero gaugino condensation. We study the chiral ring relations obeyed by the gaugino condensate. These relations are generalizations of the formula $S^N=Λ^{3N}$ of the pure ${\cal N} =1$ gauge theory.
We construct a covariant generating function for the spectrum of chiral primaries of symmetric orbifold conformal field theories with N=(4,4) supersymmetry in two dimensions. For seed target spaces K3 and T4, the generating functions capture the SO(21) and SO(5) representation theoretic content of the chiral ring respectively. Via string dualities, we relate the transformation properties of the chiral ring under these isometries of the moduli space to the Lorentz covariance of perturbative string partition functions in flat space.
We propose a localization formula for the chiral de Rham complex generalizing the well-known localization procedure in topological theories. Our formula takes into account the contribution due to the massive modes. The key to achieve this is to view the non-linear beta-gamma system as a gauge theory. For abelian gauge groups we are in the realm of toric geometry. Including the b-c system, the formula reproduces the known results for the elliptic genus of toric varieties. We compute the partition function of several models.
The GSO projection in the twisted sector of orbifold background is sometimes subtle and incompatible descriptions are found in literatures. Here, from the equivalence of partition functions in NSR and GS formalisms, we give a simple rule of GSO projection for the chiral rings of string theory in $\C^r/\Z_n$, $r=1,2,3$. Necessary constructions of chiral rings are given by explicit mode analysis.
The paper is withdrawn by the author. Parts of the contents are expanded into separate papers; hep-th/0308015 LOCALIZED TACHYON MASS AND A G-THEOREM ANALOGUE, hep-th/0308028 COMMENTS ON THE FATE OF UNSTABLE ORBIFOLDS, hep-th/0308029 CHIRAL RINGS AND GSO PROJECTION IN ORBIFOLDS.
The low energy limit of a dense 2D adjoint QCD is described by a family of ${\cal N}=(2,2)$ supersymmetric coset conformal field theories. In previous work we constructed chiral primaries for a small number $N < 6$ of colors. Our aim in the present note is to determine the chiral ring in the multicolor limit where $N$ is sent to infinity. We shall find that chiral primaries are labeled by partitions and identify the ring they generate as the ring of Schur polynomials. Our findings impose strong constraints on the possible dual description through string theory in an $AdS_3$ compactification.
We propose a simple method for the computation of the flat coordinates and Saito primitive forms on Frobenius manifolds of the deformations of Jacobi rings associated with isolated singularities. The method is based on using a conjecture about integral representations for the flat coordinates and on the Saito cohomology theory. This reduces the computation to a simple linear problem. We consider the case of the deformed Gepner chiral rings. The knowledge of the flat structures of Frobenius manifolds can be used for exact solution of the models of the topological conformal field theories corres…
Coulomb branch chiral rings of $\mathcal N=2$ SCFTs are conjectured to be freely generated. While no counter-example is known, no direct evidence for the conjecture is known either. We initiate a systematic study of SCFTs with Coulomb branch chiral rings satisfying non-trivial relations, restricting our analysis to rank 1. The main result of our study is that (rank-1) SCFTs with non-freely generated CB chiral rings when deformed by relevant deformations, always flow to theories with non-freely generated CB rings. This implies that if they exist, they must thus form a distinct subset under RG f…
We derive the partition function of an $\mathcal N=2$ chiral multiplet on topologically twisted $H^2\times S^1$. The chiral multiplet is coupled to a background vector multiplet encoding a real mass deformation. We consider an $ H^2\times S^1$ metric containing two parameters: one is the $S^1$ radius, while the other gives a fugacity $q$ for the angular momentum on $H^2$. The computation is carried out by means of supersymmetric localization, which provides a finite answer written in terms of $q$-Pochammer symbols and multiple Zeta functions. Especially, the partition function of normalizable …
For \cal{N}=1 SU(N) SYM theories obtained as marginal deformations of the \cal{N}=4 parent theory we study perturbatively some sectors of the chiral ring in the weak coupling regime and for finite N. By exploiting the relation between the definition of chiral ring and the effective superpotential we develop a procedure which allows us to easily determine protected chiral operators up to n loops once the superpotential has been computed up to (n-1) order. In particular, for the Lunin-Maldacena beta-deformed theory we determine the quantum structure of a large class of operators up to three loop…
By generalizing a fermionic construction, a natural relation is found between SL(2) degenerate conformal field theories and some N=2 discrete superconformal series. These non-unitary models contain, as a subclass, N=2 minimal models. The construction permits one to investigate the properties of chiral operators in the N=2 models. A chiral ring reveals a close connection with underlying quantum group structures.
(Talk presented at the 1992 ICTP summer workshop in high energy physics and cosmology) The BRST cohomology ring for $(p,q)$ models coupled to gravity is discussed. In addition to the generators of the ghost number zero ring, the existence of a generator of ghost number $-1$ and its inverse is proven and used to construct the entire ring. Some comments are made regarding the algebra of the vector fields on the ring and the supersymmetric extension.
Dimensional deconstruction of 5D SQCD with general n_c, n_f and k_CS gives rise to 4D N=1 gauge theories with large quivers of SU(n_c) gauge factors. We construct the chiral rings of such [SU(n_c)]^N theories, off-shell and on-shell. Our results are broadly similar to the chiral rings of single U(n_c) theories with both adjoint and fundamental matter, but there are also some noteworthy differences such as nonlocal meson-like operators where the quark and antiquark fields belong to different nodes of the quiver. And because our gauge groups are SU(n_c) rather than U(n_c), our chiral rings also …
We compute the supersymmetric partition function of an $\mathcal{N}=1$ chiral multiplet coupled to an external Abelian gauge field on complex manifolds with $T^2 \times S^2$ topology. The result is locally holomorphic in the complex structure moduli of $T^2\times S^2$. This computation illustrates in a simple example some recently obtained constraints on the parameter dependence of supersymmetric partition functions. We also devise a simple method to compute the chiral multiplet partition function on any four-manifold $\mathcal{M}_4$ preserving two supercharges of opposite chiralities, via sup…
We study the chiral rings in N=2 and N=4 superconformal algebras. The chiral primary states of N=2 superconformal algebras realized over hermitian triple systems are given. Their coset spaces G/H are hermitian symmetric which can be compact or non-compact. In the non-compact case, under the requirement of unitarity of the representations of G we find an infinite set of chiral primary states associated with the holomorphic discrete series representations of G. Further requirement of the unitarity of the corresponding N=2 module truncates this infinite set to a finite subset. The chiral primary …
We study $AdS_3 \times S^1 \times Y$ supersymmetric string theory backgrounds with Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz flux that are dual to ${\cal N}=2$ superconformal theories on the boundary. We classify all worldsheet vertex operators that correspond to space-time chiral primaries. We compute space-time chiral ring structure constants for operators in the zero spectral flow sector using the operator product expansion in the worldsheet theory. We find that the structure constants take a universal form that depends only on the topological data of the ${\cal N}=2$ superconformal theory on $Y$.
Motivated by recent work of Dijkgraaf and Vafa, we study anomalies and the chiral ring structure in a supersymmetric U(N) gauge theory with an adjoint chiral superfield and an arbitrary superpotential. A certain generalization of the Konishi anomaly leads to an equation which is identical to the loop equation of a bosonic matrix model. This allows us to solve for the expectation values of the chiral operators as functions of a finite number of ``integration constants.'' From this, we can derive the Dijkgraaf-Vafa relation of the effective superpotential to a matrix model. Some of our results a…
One can derive a large class of new $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFTs by turning on $\mathcal{N}=1$ preserving deformations for $\mathcal{N}=2$ Argyres-Dougals theories. In this work, we use $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal indices to get indices of $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFTs, then use these indices to derive chiral rings of $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFTs. For a large class of $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories, we find that the IR theory contains only free chirals if we deform the parent $\mathcal{N}=2$ theory using the Coulomb branch operator with smallest scaling dimension. Our results provide interesting lessons on studies of …
We use the Konishi anomaly equations to construct the exact effective superpotential of the glueball superfields in various N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories. We use the superpotentials to study in detail the structure of the spaces of vacua of these theories. We consider chiral and non-chiral SU(N) models, the exceptional gauge group G(2) and models that break supersymmetry dynamically.
We consider the worldvolume theory of N D3-branes transverse to various non-compact Calabi-Yau spaces, and describe subtleties in the counting of chiral primary operators in such theories due to the presence of multiple branches of moduli space. Extra branches, beyond those directly related to the transverse geometry, result in additional terms in the generating functions for single- and multi-trace operators. Ideals in the N=1 chiral ring correspond to various branches and, in the large N limit, the operator counting reveals a product of Fock spaces, including the Fock space of bosons on the …
Chiral rings of two-dimensional (2,2) theories coupled to 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories with matter hypermultiplets are studied. Specifically, the vacua of the twisted superpotential of the 2d theories with vanishing sum of matter charges are computed by considering the resolvent of the bulk theory. The solutions to the chiral ring equations are also obtained from the instanton partition function via Higgsing for simple surface operators and via the orbifold description for full surface operators. These 2d/4d coupled theories are lifted to 3d/5d theories and vacua are found similarly in two diff…
We consider chiral fermion confinement in scalar thick branes, which are known to localize gravity, coupled through a Yukawa term. The conditions for the confinement and their behavior in the thin-wall limit are found for various different BPS branes, including double walls and branes interpolating between different AdS_5 spacetimes. We show that only one massless chiral mode is localized in all these walls, whenever the wall thickness is keep finite. We also show that, independently of wall's thickness, chiral fermionic modes cannot be localized in dS_4 walls embedded in a M_5 spacetime. Fina…
We show how the double cohomology of the String and Felder BRST charges naturally leads to the ring structure of $c<1$ strings. The chiral ring is a ring of polynomials in two variables modulo an equivalence relation of the form $x^p \simeq y^{p+1}$ for the (p+1,p) model. We also study the states corresponding to the edges of the conformal grid whose inclusion is crucial for the closure of the ring. We introduce candidate operators that correspond to the observables of the matrix models. Their existence is motivated by the relation of one of the screening operators of the minimal model to the …
The chiral ring of classical supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group $Sp(N)$ or SO(N) is computed, extending previous work (of Cachazo, Douglas, Seiberg, and the author) for SU(N). The result is that, as has been conjectured, the ring is generated by the usual glueball superfield $S\sim \Tr W_αW^α$, with the relation $S^h=0$, $h$ being the dual Coxeter number. Though this proposition has important implications for the behavior of the quantum theory, the statement and (for the most part) the proofs amount to assertions about Lie groups with no direct reference to gauge theory.
A residue-theoretic representation is given for massless matter fields in (quotients) of (weighted) \CY\ complete intersection models and the corresponding chiral operators in \LGO{s}. The well known polynomial deformations are thus generalized and the universal but somewhat abstract Koszul computations acquire a concrete realization and a general but more heuristic reinterpretation. A direct correspondence with a BRST-type analysis of constrained systems also emerges naturally.
Talk given at the 26th Workshop: ``From Superstrings to Supergravity", Erice - Sicily, 5-12 December 1992. We review the superconformal properties of 2d matter coupled to gravity, and extensions thereof. Focusing on topological strings, we recall how the superconformal structure helps to provide a direct link between Liouville theory coupled to matter, and matrix models. We also construct an infinite class of new theories based on $W$-gravity.
We solve for the expectation values of chiral operators in supersymmetric U(N) gauge theories with matter in the adjoint, fundamental and anti-fundamental representations. A simple geometric picture emerges involving a description by a meromorphic one-form on a Riemann surface. The equations of motion are equivalent to a condition on the integrality of periods of this form. The solution indicates that all semiclassical phases with the same number of U(1) factors are continuously connected.
We consider a supersymmetric U(N) gauge theory with matter fields in the adjoint, fundamental and anti-fundamental representations. As in the framework which was put forward by Dijkgraaf and Vafa, this theory can be described by a matrix model. We analyze this theory along the lines of [F. Cachazo, M. Douglas, N.S. and E. Witten, ``Chiral Rings and Anomalies in Supersymmetric Gauge Theory'' hep-th/0211170] and show the equivalence of the gauge theory and the matrix model. In particular, the anomaly equations in the gauge theory is identified with the loop equations in the matrix model.
We study electric-magnetic duality in the chiral ring of a supersymmetric U(N_c) gauge theory with adjoint and fundamental matter, in presence of a general confining phase superpotential for the adjoint and the mesons. We find the magnetic solution corresponding to both the pseudoconfining and higgs electric vacua. By means of the Dijkgraaf-Vafa method, we match the effective glueball superpotentials and show that in some cases duality works exactly offshell. We give also a picture of the analytic structure of the resolvents in the magnetic theory, as we smoothly interpolate between different …
Starting from the generalized Konishi anomaly equations at the non-perturbative level, we demonstrate that the algebraic consistency of the quantum chiral ring of the N=1 super Yang-Mills theory with gauge group U(N), one adjoint chiral superfield X and N_f<=2N flavours of quarks implies that the periods of the meromorphic one-form Tr dz/(z-X) must be quantized. This shows in particular that identities in the open string description of the theory, that follow from the fact that gauge invariant observables are expressed in terms of gauge variant building blocks, are mapped onto non-trivial dyna…
${\cal N} =4$ super Yang-Mills theory admits \cite{Beem:2013sza} a protected subsector isomorphic to a two-dimensional chiral algebra, obtained by passing to the cohomology of a certain supercharge. In the large $N$ limit, we expect this chiral algebra to have a dual description as a subsector of IIB supergravity on $AdS_5 \times S^5$. This subsector can be carved out by a version of supersymmetric localization, using the bulk analog of the boundary supercharge. We illustrate this procedure in a simple model, the theory of an ${\cal N}=4$ vector multiplet in $AdS_5$, for which a convenient off…
The strongly coupled vacua of an N=1 supersymmetric gauge theory can be described by imposing quantization conditions on the periods of the gauge theory resolvent, or equivalently by imposing factorization conditions on the associated N=2 Seiberg-Witten curve (the so-called strong-coupling approach). We show that these conditions are equivalent to the existence of certain relations in the chiral ring, which themselves follow from the fact that the gauge group has a finite rank. This provides a conceptually very simple explanation of why and how the strongly coupled physics of N=1 theories, inc…
We propose a general way to complete supersymmetric theories with operators below the unitarity bound, adding gauge-singlet fields which enforce the decoupling of such operators. This makes it possible to perform all usual computations, and to compactify on a circle. We concentrate on a duality between an $\mathcal{N}=1$ $SU(2)$ gauge theory and the $\mathcal{N}=2$ $A_3$ Argyres-Douglas [1,2], mapping the moduli space and chiral ring of the completed $\mathcal{N}=1$ theory to those of the $A_3$ model. We reduce the completed gauge theory to $3d$, finding a $3d$ duality with $\mathcal{N}=4$ SQE…
We define a notion of stability for chiral ring of four dimensional N=1 theory by introducing test chiral rings and generalized a maximization. We conjecture that a chiral ring is the chiral ring of a superconformal field theory if and only if it is stable. We then study N=1 field theory derived from D3 branes probing a three-fold singularity X, and show that the K stability which implies the existence of Ricci-flat conic metric on X is equivalent to the stability of chiral ring of the corresponding field theory.
We study the half-BPS mesonic chiral ring of the N=1 superconformal quiver theories arising from N D3-branes stacked at Y^pq and L^abc Calabi-Yau conical singularities. We map each gauge invariant operator represented on the quiver as an irreducible loop adjoint at some node, to an invariant monomial, modulo relations, in the gauged linear sigma model describing the corresponding bulk geometry. This map enables us to write a partition function at finite N over mesonic half-BPS states. It agrees with the bulk gravity interpretation of chiral ring states as cohomologically trivial giant graviton…
We calculate the superconformal Witten index for the Chern-Simons-matter theory which was proposed to describe multiple M2-branes on $C^2 X C^2/Z_k$. We consider a variant of this model, which exhibits explicit N=3 supersymmetry and has the advantage of not having an exotic branch of the moduli space. At $k=1$, we compare the index with that from the proposed gravity dual and find a disagreement.
We carry out an exact worldsheet computation of tree level three-point correlators of chiral operators in string theory on AdS(3) x S^3 x T^4 with NS-NS flux. We present a simple representation for the string chiral operators in the coordinate basis of the dual boundary CFT. Striking cancelations occur between the three-point functions of the H3+ and the SU(2) WZW models which result in a simple factorized form for the final correlators. We show, by fixing a single free parameter in the H3+ WZW model, that the fusion rules and the structure constants of the N=2 chiral ring in the bulk are in p…
We consider the local F-theory set-up corresponding to four D7 branes in type I' theory, in which the exact axio-dilaton background tau(z) is identified with the low-energy effective coupling of the four-dimensional N=2 super Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(2) and Nf=4 flavours living on a probe D3 brane placed at position z. Recently, an intriguing relation has been found between the correlators forming the chiral ring of the eight-dimensional theory on the D7 branes and the large-z expansion of the tau profile. Here we apply to the SU(2), Nf=4 theory some recursion techniques that allo…
We study the B-model chiral ring of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in Batyrev's mirror construction. The main result is an explicit description of a subring of the chiral ring of semiample regular (transversal to torus orbits) Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces. This subring includes the marginal operators and contains all information about the correlation functions used by physicists. Computation of the chiral ring passes through a description of cohomology of semiample hypersurfaces. Here, we develop the techniques for calculating of the cohomology of resolutions.
We identify the exactly solvable theory of the conformal fixed point of (0,2) Calabi-Yau sigma-models and their Landau-Ginzburg phases. To this end we consider a number of (0,2) models constructed from a particular (2,2) exactly solvable theory via the method of simple currents. In order to establish the relation between exactly solvable (0,2) vacua of the heterotic string, (0,2) Landau-Ginzburg orbifolds, and (0,2) Calabi-Yau manifolds, we compute the Yukawa couplings in the exactly solvable model and compare the results with the product structure of the chiral ring which we extract from the …
We match a few non chiral operators in the electric and magnetic descriptions of SQCD, suggesting the first evidence of electric-magnetic duality outside the chiral ring. Algebraically, these non chiral operators are a module of the chiral ring. Physically, the suggested correspondence essentially transforms certain electric gauge invariant composites containing the electric field strength into magnetic matter composites.
(Talk given at Strings '93, Berkeley, and at XXVII. Internationales Symposium über Elementarteilchentheorie, Wendisch-Rietz, 1993) We review the superconformal properties of matter coupled to $2d$ gravity, and $W$-extensions thereof. We show in particular how the \nex2 structure provides a direct link between certain matter-gravity systems and matrix models. We also show that much, probably all, of this can be generalized to $W$-gravity, and this leads to an infinite class of new exactly solvable systems. These systems are governed by certain integrable hierarchies, which are generalizations o…
This note is presenting the generating functions which count the BPS operators in the chiral ring of a N=2 quiver gauge theory that lives on N D3 branes probing an ALE singularity. The difficulty in this computation arises from the fact that this quiver gauge theory has a moduli space of vacua that splits into many branches -- the Higgs, the Coulomb and mixed branches. As a result there can be operators which explore those different branches and the counting gets complicated by having to deal with such operators while avoiding over or under counting. The solution to this problem turns out to b…
We present a derivation of the chiral ring relations, arising in ${\cal N}=1$ gauge theories in the presence of (anti-)self-dual background gravitational field $G_{αβγ}$ and graviphoton field strength $F_{αβ}$. These were previously considered in the literature in order to prove the relation between gravitational F-terms in the gauge theory and coefficients of the topological expansion of the related matrix integral. We consider the spontaneous breaking of ${\cal N} =2$ to ${\cal N} =1$ supergravity coupled to vector- and hyper-multiplets, and take a rigid limit which keeps a non-trivial $G_{α…
We compute exact 2- and 3-point functions of chiral primaries in four-dimensional N=2 superconformal field theories, including all perturbative and instanton contributions. We demonstrate that these correlation functions are nontrivial and satisfy exact differential equations with respect to the coupling constants. These equations are the analogue of the $tt^*$ equations in two dimensions. In the SU(2) N=2 SYM theory coupled to 4 hypermultiplets they take the form of a semi-infinite Toda chain. We provide the complete solution of this chain using input from supersymmetric localization. To test…
We study the non-perturbative corrections generated by exotic instantons in U(N) gauge theories in eight and four dimensions. As it was shown previously, the eight-dimensional prepotential can be resummed using a plethystic formula showing only a dependence from the center of mass and from a U(1) gauge factor. On the contrary, chiral correlators in eight and four dimensions display a non-trivial dependence from the full gauge group. Furthermore the resolvent, the generating function for the eight and four dimensional correlators, can be written in a compact form both in the eight and four dime…
We consider the chiral ring of the pure N=1 supersymmetric gauge theory with SU(N) gauge group and show that the classical relation S^{N^2}=0 is modified to the exact quantum relation (S^N-Λ^{3N})^N=0.
We study the moduli dependence of the chiral ring in N = (4,4) superconformal field theories, with special emphasis on those CFTs that are dual to type IIB string theory on AdS3xS3xX4. The chiral primary operators are sections of vector bundles, whose connection describes the operator mixing under motion on the moduli space. This connection can be exactly computed using the constraints from N = (4,4) supersymmetry. Its curvature can be determined using the tt* equations, for which we give a derivation in the physical theory which does not rely on the topological twisting. We show that for N = …
Recently we showed that the spectral flow acting on the N=2 twisted topological theories gives rise to a topological algebra automorphism. Here we point out that the untwisting of that automorphism leads to a spectral flow on the untwisted N=2 superconformal algebra which is different from the usual one. This "other" spectral flow does not interpolate between the chiral ring and the antichiral ring. In particular, it maps the chiral ring into the chiral ring and the antichiral ring into the antichiral ring. We discuss the similarities and differences between both spectral flows. We also analyz…
We study in detail the space of perturbations of a pair of dual $N=1$ supersymmetric theories based on an $SU(N_c)$ gauge theory with an adjoint $X$ and fundamentals with a superpotential which is polynomial in $X$. The equivalence between them depends on non-trivial facts about polynomial equations, i.e.\ singularity theory. The classical chiral rings of the two theories are different. Quantum mechanically there are new relations in the chiral rings which ensure their equivalence. Duality interchanges ``trivial'' classical relations in one theory with quantum relations in the other and vice v…
We calculate chiral rings of the N=2 vertex algebras constructed from the combinatorial data of toric mirror symmetry and show that they coincide with the description of stringy cohomology conjectured previously in a joint work with A. Mavlyutov.
We study the dressing of four-quark interaction by the ring diagram, and its feeding back to the quark gap equation, in an effective chiral quark model. Implementing such an in-medium coupling naturally reduces the chiral transition temperature in a class of chiral models, and is capable of generating the inverse magnetic catalysis at finite temperatures. We also demonstrate the important role of confining forces, via the Polyakov loop, in a positive feedback mechanism which reinforces the inverse magnetic catalysis.
We analyze classical and quantum chiral ring relations of four dimensional ${\cal N} = 1$ adjoint SQCD with superpotential turned on for the adjoint field. In particular, for the mass deformed theory we obtain the complete on shell vacuum expectation value for various gauge invariant chiral operators and find non-trivial gaugino condensations. When approaching to massless limit nontrivial flat directions in the moduli space of vacua appear, where the Coulomb branch can be naturally classified and the Higgs branch receives quantum corrections. We argue that the solution of the chiral ring is in…
We study the extremal correlation functions of (twisted) chiral ring operators via superlocalization in $\mathcal{N}=(2, 2)$ superconformal field theories (SCFTs) with central charge $c\geq 3$, especially for SCFTs with Calabi-Yau geometric phases. We extend the method in arXiv:1602.05971 with mild modifications, so that it is applicable to disentangle operators mixing on $S^2$ in nilpotent (twisted) chiral rings of $2d$ SCFTs. With the extended algorithm and technique of localization, we compute exactly the extremal correlators in $2d$ $\mathcal{N}=(2, 2)$ (twisted) chiral rings as non-holomo…
