I. Oreshnikov, D. V. Skryabin
We introduce the generalized Lugiato-Lefever equation describing nonlinear effects in the bottle microresonators. We demonstrate that the nonlinear modes of these resonators can form multiple coexisting and overlapping nonlinear resonances and that their instabilities lead to the generation of the low repetition rate frequency combs.
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We investigate theoretically frequency comb generation in a bottle microresonator accounting for the azimuthal and axial degrees of freedom. We first identify a discrete set of the axial nonlinear modes of a bottle microresonator that appear as tilted resonances bifurcating from the spectrum of linear axial modes. We then study azimuthal modulational instability of these modes and show that families of 2D soliton states localized both azimuthally and axially bifurcate from them at critical pump frequencies. Depending on detuning, 2D solitons can be either stable, or form persistent breathers, …
We show that the fundamental eigenmode of a shallow optical bottle microresonator (also called a SNAP microresonator) can be made exceptionally uniform along its axial length. The introduced microresonator has the effective radius variation resembling the profile of a bat with ears and wings. Remarkably, reduction of the axial size of this microresonator by cutting the wings does not alter the uniformity of its fundamental eigenmode. Being of general interest, our findings pave a way for improving the perceptibility of micro/nanoparticle sensing. These results also suggest a bottle microresona…
We report on the fabrication of an ultrahigh quality factor, bottle-like microresonator from a microcapillary, and the realization of Raman lasing therein at pump wavelengths of $1.55~\mathrm{μm}$ and $780~\mathrm{nm}$. The dependence of the Raman laser threshold on mode volume is investigated. The mode volume of the fundamental bottle mode is calculated and compared with that of a microsphere. Third-order cascaded Raman lasing was observed when pumped at $780~\mathrm{nm}$. In principle, Raman lasing in a hollow bottle-like microresonator can be used in sensing applications. As an example, we …
Highly prolate-shaped whispering-gallery-mode "bottle microresonators" have recently attracted considerable attention due to their advantageous properties. We experimentally show that such resonators offer ultra-high quality factors, microscopic mode volumes, and near lossless in- and out-coupling of light using ultra-thin optical fibers. Additionally, bottle microresonators have a simple and customizable mode structure. This enables full tunability using mechanical strain and simultaneous coupling of two ultra-thin coupling fibers in an add-drop configuration. We present two applications base…
The evanescent coupling of light between a whispering-gallery-mode bottle microresonator and a sub-wavelength-diameter coupling fiber is actively stabilized by means of a Pound-Drever-Hall technique. We demonstrate the stabilization of a critically coupled resonator with a control bandwidth of 0.1 Hz, yielding a residual transmission of (9 \pm 3) \times 10^-3 for more than an hour. Simultaneously, the frequency of the resonator mode is actively stabilized.
The optical microresonators reviewed in this paper are called bottle microresonators because their profile often resembles an elongated spheroid or a microscopic bottle. These resonators are commonly fabricated from an optical fiber by variation of its radius. Generally, variation of the bottle microresonator (BMR) radius along the fiber axis can be quite complex presenting, e.g., a series of coupled BMRs positioned along the fiber. Similar to optical spherical and toroidal microresonators, BMRs support whispering gallery modes (WGMs) which are localized inside the resonator due to the effect …
Light pulses entering an elongated bottle microresonator (BMR) from a transversely oriented input-output waveguide (microfiber) slowly propagate along the BMR length and bounce between turning points at its constricting edges. To avoid insertion losses and processing errors, a pulse should completely transfer from the waveguide into the BMR and, after being processed, completely return back into the waveguide. For this purpose, the waveguide and BMR should be impedance matched along the pulse bandwidth. Here we show how to enhance the impedance matched bandwidth by optimization of the BMR effe…
We propose a new type of broadband and low repetition rate frequency comb generator which has the shape of an elongated and nanoscale-shallow optical bottle microresonator created at the surface of an optical fiber. The free spectral range (FSR) of the broadband azimuthal eigenfrequency series of this resonator is the exact multiple of the FSR of the dense and narrowband axial series. The effective radius variation of the microresonator is close to a parabola with a nanoscale height which is greater or equal to lambda/2pi*n0 (here lambda is the characteristic radiation wavelength and n0 is the…
The formation of optical frequency combs (OFCs) by the parametric modulation of optical microresonators is commonly described by lumped-parameter models. However, these models do not consider the actual spatial distribution of the parametric modulation (SDPM). Here, we show that the effect of the SDPM becomes of special importance for an elongated SNAP bottle microresonator (SBM) having shallow nanometre-scale effective radius variation along its axial length. The advantage of SBMs compared to microresonators with different shapes (e.g., spherical and toroidal) is that SBMs, remaining miniatur…
A hollow bottle-like microresonator (BLMR) with ultra-high quality factor is fabricated from a microcapillary with nearly parabolic profile. At 1.55 $μm$ pumping, degenerate four-wave mixing can be observed for a BLMR of diameter 102 $μ$m. The parabolic profile of the BLMR guarantees a nearly zero waveguide dispersion, which is theoretically discussed in detail. From the simulation, at 1.55 $μ$m wavelength in such a BLMR, the fundamental bottle mode is in the anomalous dispersion regime, whilst the ordinary whispering gallery mode (WGM) confined at the center of the BLMR is in the normal dispe…
The fabrication precision is one of the most critical challenges on the way to the creation of practical photonic circuits composed of coupled high Q-factor microresonators. While very accurate transient tuning of microresonators based on local heating has been reported, the record precision of permanent resonance positioning achieved by post-processing is still within 1-5 GHz. Here we demonstrate two coupled bottle microresonators fabricated at the fiber surface which resonances are matched with a better than 0.16 GHz precision. This corresponds to a better than 0.17 angstrom precision in the…
We develop a theory of optical frequency comb generation in ultra-compact Surface Nanoscale Axial Photonic (SNAP) bottle microresonators, employing the nonlinear interaction of whispering gallery modes which are confined along an optical fiber with nanoscale radius variation. We predict that a SNAP microresonator with a few-$μ$m radius can generate a frequency comb with an ultra-fine sub-GHz spectral spacing, which would require traditional ring resonators of $cm$ radius. We identify regimes of stable or quasi-periodic comb dynamics due to soliton excitation, and also show that special enginee…
Typical microresonators exhibit a large frequency spacing between resonances and a limited tunability. This impedes their use in a large class of applications which require a resonance of the microcavity to coincide with a predetermined frequency. Here, we experimentally overcome this limitation with highly prolate-shaped whispering-gallery-mode "bottle microresonators" fabricated from standard optical glass fibers. Our resonators combine an ultra-high quality factor of 360 million, a small mode volume, and near lossless fibre coupling, characteristic of whispering-gallery-mode resonators, wit…
Manipulation of the dynamics of cavity solitons, precise control of frequency comb spectra and nonlinear response of microresonators through exploitation of the ultrafast optical properties of graphene can have an immense impact on the technological advancement of on-chip photonic devices. Here, we report that an efficient self-frequency blueshifted frequency comb at optical and near-infrared wavelengths can be achieved owing to the near-instantaneous free-carrier dynamics of graphene in a realistic graphene-covered silicon nitride microresonator. We perform a stability analysis to find the re…
We present a novel compact dual-comb source based on a monolithic optical crystalline MgF$_2$ multi-resonator stack. The coherent soliton combs generated in two microresonators of the stack with the repetition rate of 12.1 GHz and difference of 1.62 MHz provided after heterodyning a 300 MHz wide radio-frequency comb. Analogous system can be used for dual-comb spectroscopy, coherent LIDAR applications and massively parallel optical communications.
We introduce the first principle model describing frequency comb generation in a WGM microresonator with the backscattering-induced coupling between the counter-propagating waves. {Elaborated model provides deep insight and accurate description of the complex dynamics of nonlinear processes in such systems.} We analyse the backscattering impact on the splitting and reshaping of the nonlinear resonances, demonstrate backscattering-induced modulational instability in the normal dispersion regime and subsequent frequency comb generation. We present and discuss novel features of the soliton comb d…
We review our recent work on tunable, ultrahigh quality factor whispering-gallery-mode bottle microresonators and highlight their applications in nonlinear optics and in quantum optics experiments. Our resonators combine ultra-high quality factors of up to Q = 3.6 \times 10^8, a small mode volume, and near-lossless fiber coupling, with a simple and customizable mode structure enabling full tunability. We study, theoretically and experimentally, nonlinear all-optical switching via the Kerr effect when the resonator is operated in an add-drop configuration. This allows us to optically route a si…
Kerr frequency comb generation relies on dedicated waveguide platforms that are optimized towards ultralow loss while offering comparatively limited functionality restricted to passive building blocks. In contrast to that, the silicon-photonic platform offers a highly developed portfolio of high-performance devices, but is deemed to be inherently unsuited for Kerr comb generation at near-infrared (NIR) telecommunication wavelengths due to strong two-photon absorption (TPA) and subsequent free-carrier absorption (FCA). Here we present a theoretical investigation that quantifies the impact of TP…
We propose a system of coupled microring resonators for the generation frequency combs and dissipative Kerr solitons in silicon at telecommunication frequencies. By taking advantage of structural slow-light, the effective non-linearity of the material is enhanced, thus relaxing the requirement of ultra-high quality factors that currently poses a major obstacle to the realization of silicon comb devices. We demonstrate a variety of frequency comb solutions characterized by threshold power in the 10-milliwatt range and a small footprint of $0.1$ mm$^2$, and study their robustness to structural d…
Characteristic features of soliton-comb structures in optical microresonators are investigated in normal and anomalous dispersion regimes, when the detuning parameter is varied over a broad range of values. The study rests on the assumption that soliton combs are self-organized ensemble of co-propagating coherently entangled states of light, and depending on the group-velocity dispersion they can result from space-division multiplexing of single-bright and single-dark solitons. Their analytical and numerical reconstruction schemes are discussed, while a linear-stability analysis leads to a $2\…
We investigate the effects of Raman and Kerr gain in crystalline microresonators and determine the conditions required to generate modelocked frequency combs. We show theoretically that strong, narrowband Raman gain determines a maximum microresonator size allowable to achieve comb formation. We verify this condition experimentally in diamond and silicon microresonators and show that there exists a competition between Raman and Kerr effects that leads to the existence of two different comb states.
Dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) frequency combs - also known as microcombs - have arguably created a new field in cavity nonlinear photonics, with a strong cross-fertilization between theoretical, experimental, and technological research. Spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) not only add new degrees of freedom to ultrafast laser technology, but also provide new insights for implementing analogue computers and heuristic optimizers with photonics. Here, we combine the principles of DKS and STML for the first time to demonstrate the STML DKS by developing an unexplored ultrahigh-quality-factor Fabry…
We observe a transition to a coherent-comb state in a SiN-microresonator with anomalous dispersion. Although ~300 fs pulse trains are generated after line-by-line shaping, the intensity within the microring does not appear to be pulse-like.
We analyze the consequences of dissipative heating in driven Kerr microresonators theoretically and numerically, using a thermal Lugiato-Lefever model. We show that thermal sensitivity modifies the stability range of continuous wave in a way that blocks direct access to broadband frequency-comb forming waveforms, and we propose a deterministic access path that bypasses the thermal instability barrier. We describe a novel thermal instability that leads to thermooptical oscillations via a Hopf bifurcation.
Mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequency combs have broad applications in molecular spectroscopy and chemical/biological sensing. Recently developed microresonator-based combs in this wavelength regime could enable portable and robust devices using a single-frequency pump field. Here, we report the first demonstration of a modelocked microresonator-based frequency comb in the mid-IR spanning 2.4 μm to 4.3 μm. We observe high pump-to-comb conversion efficiency, in which 40% of the pump power is converted to the output comb power. Utilizing an integrated PIN structure allows for tuning the silicon micror…
We report the first demonstration of thermally controlled soliton modelocked frequency comb generation in microresonators. By controlling the electric current through heaters integrated with silicon nitride microresonators, we demonstrate a systematic and repeatable pathway to single- and multi-soliton modelocked states without adjusting the pump laser wavelength. Such an approach could greatly simplify the generation of modelocked frequency combs and facilitate applications such as chip-based dual-comb spectroscopy.
We studied numerically the generation of the coherent frequency combs at second harmonic generation in $χ^{(2)}$ microresonators via conventional frequency scan method. It was demonstrated for the first time that under particular conditions it is possible to generate two-color flat-top solitonic pulses, platicons, using pump amplitude modulation or controllable mode interaction approach, if the signs of the group velocity coefficients at pump frequency and its second harmonic are opposite but absolute values of these coefficients are rather close. It was revealed that platicons may be observed…
We demonstrate that flat-topped dissipative solitonic pulses, platicons, and corresponding frequency combs can be excited in optical microresonators with normal group velocity dispersion using either amplitude modulation of the pump or bichromatic pump. Soft excitation may occur in particular frequency range if modulation depth is large enough and modulation frequency is close to the free spectral range of the microresonator.
If the originally flat bottom of a wide quantum well with multiple eigenstates is periodically modulated, its eigenvalues rearrange into denser groups separated by wider gaps. We show that this effect, if implemented in an elongated bottle microresonator (also called a SNAP microresonator) allows to design microwave photonic tunable filters with an outstanding performance.
We theoretically and experimentally investigate the chaotic regime of optical frequency combs generated in nonlinear ring microresonators pumped with continuous wave light. We show that the chaotic regime reveals itself, in an apparently counter-intuitive way, by a flat top symmetric envelope of the frequency spectrum, when observed by means of an optical spectrum analyzer. The comb demodulated on a fast photodiode produces a noisy radio frequency signal with an spectral width significantly exceeding the linear bandwidth of the microresonator mode.
The nonlinear scattering of a linear optical wave from a conservative soliton has been widely studied in optical fibers as a mechanism for nonlinear frequency conversion. Here we extend this analysis to consider the scattering of an externally injected probe wave from a dissipative Kerr cavity soliton circulating in a Kerr microresonator. We demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that this nonlinear interaction can be harnessed for useful expansion of the soliton frequency comb via the formation of a secondary idler comb. We explore the physics of the process, showing that the pha…
Kerr frequency combs generated from microresonators are the subject of intense study. Most research employs microresonators with anomalous dispersion, for which modulation instability is believed to play a key role in initiation of the comb. Comb generation in normal dispersion microresonators has also been reported but is less well understood. Here we report a detailed investigation of few-moded, normal dispersion silicon nitride microresonators, showing that mode coupling can strongly modify the local dispersion, even changing its sign. We demonstrate a link between mode coupling and initiat…
We present a theory of the frequency comb generation in the high-Q ring microresonators with quadratic nonlinearity and normal dispersion and demonstrate that the naturally large difference of the repetition rates at the fundamental and 2nd harmonic frequencies supports a family of the bright soliton frequency combs providing the parametric gain is moderated by tuning the index-matching parameter to exceed the repetition rate difference by a significant factor. This factor equals the sideband number associated with the high-order phase-matched sum-frequency process. The theoretical framework, …
A shaped doublet pump pulse is proposed for simultaneous octave-spanning soliton Kerr frequency comb generation and second-harmonic conversion in a single microresonator. The temporal soliton in the cavity is trapped atop a doublet pulse pedestal, resulting in a greatly expanded soliton region compared to that with a general Gaussian pulse pump. The possibility of single-microresonator comb self-referencing in a single silicon nitride microring, which can facilitate compact on-chip optical clocks, is demonstrated via simulation.
We perform the first theoretical modeling of the spectral-temporal dynamics of parametric microresonator comb generation with octave-spanning bandwidths through use of the Lugiato-Lefever model extended to include higher-order dispersion and self-steepening. We show that three distinct stages are necessary to achieve single-pulse modelocking and ultrabroadband, stabilized combs. Our simulations agree well with previous experimental demonstrations and predict many of the observed features, including multi-pulse generation, dispersive wave generation, modelocking and comb stabilization.
Semiclassical theory of frequency combs generated by parametric modulation of optical microresonators
本文提出多量子半经典理论，通过优化微谐振腔参数调制的空间分布，在最小功耗下实现最强光学频率梳，并证明SNAP瓶型微谐振腔可以远小于跑道型微谐振腔的尺寸产生相似频率梳。
We demonstrate control and stabilization of an optical frequency comb generated by four-wave mixing in a monolithic microresonator with a mode spacing in the microwave regime (86 GHz). The comb parameters (mode spacing and offset frequency) are controlled via the power and the frequency of the pump laser, which constitutes one of the comb modes. Furthermore, generation of a microwave beat note at the comb's mode spacing frequency is presented, enabling direct stabilization to a microwave frequency standard.
A high-Q silica whispering-gallery mode microresonator is an attractive platform on which to demonstrate a broad and phase-locked Raman comb in various wavelength regimes. Raman combs can be used for applications such as compact pulse laser sources, sensors, optical clocks, and coherence tomography. However, the formation dynamics of a Raman comb has not been well exploited. Here we study the dynamics of the Raman comb formation in silica rod microresonators, which have cavity free spectral ranges in microwave rates. We generated a Raman comb with a smooth spectral envelope and also observed t…
Recent developments demonstrate that parametric four-wave mixing (FWM) in high-Q microresonators is a highly promising and effective approach for optical frequency comb generation, with applications including spectroscopy, optical clocks, arbitrary waveform generation, frequency metrology, and astronomical spectrograph calibration. Each of these microresonator platforms utilizes a scheme in which the system is pumped by a single-frequency laser at a cavity resonance. This scheme requires tuning of the pump wavelength into resonance and the generated comb is susceptible to fluctuations in pump …
Optical frequency combs in microresonators (microcombs) have a wide range of applications in science and technology, due to its compact size and access to considerably larger comb spacing. Despite recent successes, the problems of self-starting, high mode efficiency as well as high output power have not been fully addressed for conventional soliton microcombs. Recent demonstration of laser cavity soliton microcombs by nesting a microresonator into a fiber cavity, shows great potential to solve the problems. Here we comprehensively study the dissipative soliton generation and interaction dynami…
Optical frequency combs are key to optical precision measurements. While most frequency combs operate in the near-infrared regime, many applications require combs at mid-infrared, visible or even ultra-violet wavelengths. Frequency combs can be transferred to other wavelengths via nonlinear optical processes, however, this becomes exceedingly challenging for high-repetition rate frequency combs. Here, it is demonstrated that a synchronously driven high-Q microresonator with a second-order optical nonlinearity can efficiently convert high-repetition rate near-infrared frequency combs to visible…
Optical solitons are waveforms that preserve their shape while propagating, relying on a balance of dispersion and nonlinearity. Soliton-based data transmission schemes were investigated in the 1980s, promising to overcome the limitations imposed by dispersion of optical fibers. These approaches, however, were eventually abandoned in favor of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) schemes that are easier to implement and offer improved scalability to higher data rates. Here, we show that solitons may experience a comeback in optical communications, this time not as a competitor, but as a key e…
Experimental and theoretical studies of nonlinear frequency combs in χ^(3) optical microresonators attracted tremendous research interest during the last decade and resulted in prototypes of solitonbased steadily working devices. Realization of similar combs owing to χ^(2) optical nonlinearity promises new breakthroughs and is a big scientific challenge. We analyze the main obstacles for realization of the χ^(2) frequency combs in high-Q microresonators and propose two families of steadystate nonlinear solutions, including soliton and periodic solutions, for such combs. Despite generic periodi…
Adjoint inverse design of microresonator frequency combs
提出基于伴随方法的逆向设计框架，直接优化微谐振器频率梳的频谱以满足预定义目标，通过三个挑战性问题展示其高效性和灵活性。
Microresonator based optical frequency combs (MFC) have demonstrated promise in extending the capabilities of optical frequency combs. Here we demonstrate all optical stabilization of a low noise temporal soliton based MFC in a crystalline resonator via a new technique to control the repetition rate. This is accomplished by thermally heating the microresonator with an additional probe laser coupled to an auxiliary optical resonator mode. The offset frequency is controlled by stabilization of the pump laser frequency to a reference optical frequency comb. We analyze the stabilization by perform…
Octave-wide frequency combs in microresonators are essential for self-referencing. However, it is difficult for the small-size and high-repetition-rate microresonators to achieve perfect soliton modelocking over the broad frequency range due to the detrimental impact of dispersion. Here we examine the stability of the soliton states consisting of one hundred modes in silicon-nitride microresonators with the one-THz free spectral range. We report the coexistence of fast and slow solitons in a narrow detuning range, which is surrounded on either side by the breather states. We decompose the brea…
Frequency combs and coherent dissipative structures in nonlinear optical microresonators
非线性光学微谐振器通过低功率连续波激光实现参数振荡，支持多种相干耗散结构，如耗散 Kerr 孤子和开关波，构成相干光学频率梳，光子芯片集成使其微型化。
We present an explicit sech-squared-soliton solution associated with the optical Pockels effect, achieved through the generation of the frequency combs via parametric down-conversion in optical microresonators with quadratic nonlinearity. This soliton contrasts the parametric sech-soliton describing the half-harmonic field in the limit of the large index mismatch, and associated with the cascaded-Kerr effect. We predict differences in the spectral profiles and powers of the Pockels and cascaded-Kerr solitons, and report that the pump power threshold of the former agree with the recent experime…
We demonstrate the first low-noise mid-IR frequency comb source using a silicon microresonator. Our observation of strong Raman scattering lines in the generated comb suggests that Raman and four-wave mixing interactions play a role in assisting the transition to the low-noise state. In addition, we characterize, the intracavity comb generation dynamics using an integrated PIN diode, which takes advantage of the inherent three-photon absorption process in silicon.
Next-generation soliton frequency combs in photonic-crystal and nanocomposite microresonators
本文研究光子晶体谐振器和纳米复合波导微谐振器中孤子频率梳的产生机制与优化方法，提出泵浦谐波微梳和双微谐振器网络方案，为下一代微梳在光学计量与数据传输中的应用奠定基础。
Recent experiments have demonstrated the generation of widely-spaced parametric sidebands that can evolve into "clustered" optical frequency combs in Kerr microresonators. Here we describe the physics that underpins the formation of such clustered comb states. In particular, we show that the phase-matching required for the initial sideband generation is such that (at least) one of the sidebands experiences anomalous dispersion, enabling that sideband to drive frequency comb formation via degenerate and non-degenerate four-wave mixing. We validate our proposal through a combination of experimen…
Mode interaction in silicon nitride micro-resonators is investigated. We provide clear experimental evidence of mode interaction between two family modes and mode interaction is demonstrated to be the cause of the comb generation in resonators with normal dispersion.
We stabilize a chip-scale Si3N4 phase-locked Kerr frequency comb via locking the pump laser to an independent stable high-Q reference microresonator and locking the comb spacing to an external microwave oscillator. In this comb, the pump laser shift induces negligible impact on the comb spacing change. This scheme is a step towards miniaturization of the stabilized Kerr comb system as the microresonator reference can potentially be integrated on-chip. Fractional instability of the optical harmonics of the stabilized comb is limited by the microwave oscillator used for comb spacing lock below 1…
Microresonator-based optical frequency combs have been a topic of extensive research during the last few years. Several theoretical models for the comb generation have been proposed; however, they do not comprehensively address experimental results that show a variety of independent comb generation mechanisms. Here, we present frequency-domain experiments that illuminate the transition of microcombs into phase-locked states, which show characteristics of injection locking between ensembles of comb modes. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of equidistant optical frequency combs that are …
Microresonator frequency combs based on the $χ^{(3)}$ nonlinearity are nowadays well understood and making their way into different applications. Recently, microresonator frequency combs based on the $χ^{(2)}$ nonlinearity are receiving increasing attention, as they promise certain benefits, but still require further study. Here, we demonstrate the generation of a $χ^{(2)}$ frequency comb, initiated via optical parametric oscillation (OPO) in a lithium niobate mm-sized microresonator. By pumping at 532 nm with 30 $μ$W of power, we observe 1-THz-wide comb spectra around 1064 nm with degenerate …
Microresonator-based frequency combs are strong contenders as light sources for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). Recent demonstrations have shown the potential of microresonator combs for replacing tens of WDM lasers with a single laser-pumped device. These experiments relied on microresonators displaying anomalous dispersion. Devices operating in the normal dispersion offer the prospect of attaining high power conversion efficiency - an aspect that will be crucial in the future for enabling energy-efficient coherent communications with higher order modulation formats or lighting severa…
Experiments and theoretical modeling yielded significant progress towards understanding of Kerr-effect induced optical frequency comb generation in microresonators. However, the simultaneous interaction of hundreds or thousands of optical comb frequencies with the same number of resonator modes leads to complicated nonlinear dynamics that are far from fully understood. An important prerequisite for modeling the comb formation process is the knowledge of phase and amplitude of the comb modes as well as the detuning from their respective microresonator modes. Here, we present comprehensive measu…
We report on the fabrication of high-Q, fused-quartz microresonators and the parametric generation of a frequency comb with 36 GHz line spacing using them. We have characterized the intrinsic stability of the comb in both the time and frequency domains to assess its suitability for future precision metrology applications. Intensity autocorrelation measurements and line-by-line comb control reveal near-transform-limited picosecond pulse trains that are associated with good relative phase and amplitude stability of the comb lines. The comb's 36 GHz line spacing can be readily photodetected, whic…
Intraresonance frequency combs in Kerr microresonators
本文通过双泵浦技术在微谐振腔单一共振中形成Kerr梳，揭示了参数驱动的相多稳态动态，简化了异步读出测量。
We have investigated parametric seeding of a microresonator frequency comb (microcomb) by way of a pump laser with two electro-optic-modulation sidebands. We show that the pump-sideband spacing is precisely replicated throughout the microcomb's optical spectrum, and we demonstrate a record absolute line-spacing stability for microcombs of $1.6\times10^{-13}$ at 1 s. The spectrum of a parametric comb is complex, and often non-equidistant subcombs are observed. Our results demonstrate that parametric seeding can not only control the subcombs, but can lead to the generation of a strictly equidist…
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