It was recently proven that all free and many virtually free verbally closed subgroups are algebraically closed in any group. We establish sufficient conditions for a group that is an extension of a free non-abelian group by a group satisfying a non-trivial law to be algebraically closed in any group in which it is verbally closed. We apply these conditions to prove that the fundamental groups of all closed surfaces (except the Klein bottle) and almost all free products of groups satisfying a non-trivial law are algebraically closed in any group in which they are verbally closed.
We study verbally closed subgroups of free solvable groups. A number of results is proved that give sufficient conditions under whose a verbally closed subgroup is turned to be a retract and so algebraically closed of the full group.
In a number of recent works, it has been established that many virtually free groups, almost all fundamental groups of surfaces and all groups which are nontrivial free products of groups satisfying a non-trivial law are algebraically closed in any group in which they are verbally closed. In this work we establish that any group which is a non-trivial free product is algebraically closed in any group in which it is verbally closed.
A theorem of Myasnikov and Roman'kov says that any verbally closed subgroup of a finitely generated free group is a retract. We prove that all free (and many virtually free) verbally closed subgroups are retracts in any finitely generated group.
Any virtually free group $H$ containing no non-trivial finite normal subgroup (e.g., the infinite dihedral group) is a retract of any finitely generated group containing $H$ as a verbally closed subgroup.
According to Mazhuga's theorem, the fundamental group $H$ of any connected surface, possibly except for the Klein bottle, is a retract of each finitely generated group containing $H$ as a verbally closed subgroup. We prove that the Klein bottle group is indeed an exception but has a very close property.
We describe solutions of the equation $x^ny^m=a^nb^m$ in acylindrically hyperbolic groups (AH-groups), where $a,b$ are non-commensurable special loxodromic elements and $n,m$ are integers with sufficiently large common divisor. Using this description and certain test words in AH-groups, we study the verbal closedness of AH-subgroups in groups. A subgroup $H$ of a group $G$ is called verbally closed if for any word $w(x_1,\dots, x_n)$ in variables $x_1,\dots,x_n$ and any element $h\in H$, the equation $w(x_1,\dots, x_n)=h$ has a solution in $G$ if and only if it has a solution in $H$. Main Theo…
In this paper, we find some exotic fusion systems which have non-trivial strongly closed subgroups, and we prove these fusion systems are also not realizable by p-blocks of finite groups.
Let $H\leq K$ be subgroups of a group G. We say that H is strongly closed in K with respect to G if whenever $a^g \in K$ where $a \in H, g \in G,$ then $a^g \in H.$ In this paper, we investigate the structure of a group G under the assumption that every subgroup of order $2^m$ (and 4 if m = 1) of a 2- Sylow subgroup S of G is strongly closed in S with respect to G. Some results related to 2-nilpotence and supersolvability of a group G are obtained. This is a complement to Guo and Wei (J. Group Theory 13 (2010), no. 2, 267-276).
We build a spectral sequence converging to the cohomology of a fusion system with a strongly closed subgroup. This spectral sequence is related to the Lyndon-Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence and coincides with it for the case of an extension of groups. Nevertheless, the new spectral sequence applies to more general situations like finite simple groups with a strongly closed subgroup and exotic fusion systems with a strongly closed subgroup. We prove an analogue of a result of Stallings in the context of fusion preserving homomorphisms and deduce Tate's p-nilpotency criterion as a corollary.
We reduce the classification of finite subgroups in compact Lie groups to that of quasi-simple ones, prove the number of conjugacy classes is finite and each cojugacy class is Zariski closed in mapping space, and classify "strongly controlling fusions" symmetric pairs.
We describe the cohomology ring $H^*(J_2;\mathbb{F}_3)$ both as subring of $H^*(3^{1+2}_+;\mathbb{F}_3)$ and with an abstract presentation. We also give its Poincaré series. We use as tool a spectral sequence for the strongly closed $3$-subgroup of $J_2$. This method might be used to compute the cohomology of any finite simple group with a strongly closed $p$-subgroup.
We define a group as strongly bounded if every isometric action on a metric space has bounded orbits. This latter property is equivalent to the so-called uncountable strong cofinality, recently introduced by G. Bergman. Our main result is that G^I is strongly bounded when G is a finite, perfect group and I is any set. This strengthens a result of Koppelberg and Tits. We also prove that omega_1-existentially closed groups are strongly bounded.
In this article, we consider the control of fusion in fusion systems, proving three previously known, non-trivial results in a new, largely elementary way. We then reprove a result of Aschbacher, that the product of two strongly closed subgroups is strongly closed; to do this, we consolidate the theory of quotients of fusion systems into a consistent theory. We move on considering p-soluble fusion systems, and prove that they are constrained, allowing us to effectively characterize fusion systems of p-soluble groups. This leads us to recast Thompson Factorization for Qd(p)-free fusion systems,…
A pro-$p$ group $G$ is called strongly Frattini-resistant if the function $H \mapsto Φ(H)$, from the poset of all closed subgroups of $G$ into itself, is a poset embedding. Frattini-resistant pro-$p$ groups appear naturally in Galois theory. Indeed, every maximal pro-$p$ Galois group over a field that contains a primitive $p$th root of unity (and also contains $\sqrt{-1}$ if $p=2$) is strongly Frattini-resistant. Let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be non-trivial pro-$p$ groups. We prove that $G_1 \times G_2$ is strongly Frattini-resistant if and only if one of the direct factors $G_1$ or $G_2$ is torsion-fre…
We provide an algorithm to solve the word problem in all fundamental groups of closed 3-manifolds; in particular, we show that these groups are autostackable. This provides a common framework for a solution to the word problem in any closed 3-manifold group using finite state automata. We also introduce the notion of a group which is autostackable respecting a subgroup, and show that a fundamental group of a graph of groups whose vertex groups are autostackable respecting any edge group is autostackable. A group that is strongly coset automatic over an autostackable subgroup, using a prefix-cl…
We prove that all finitely generated fully residually free groups (limit groups) have a sequence of finite dimensional unitary representations that `strongly converge' to the regular representation of the group. The corresponding statement for finitely generated free groups was proved by Haagerup and Thorbjørnsen in 2005. In fact, we can take the unitary representations to arise from representations of the group by permutation matrices, as was proved for free groups by Bordenave and Collins. As for Haagerup and Thorbjørnsen, the existence of such representations implies that for any non-abelia…
