Warped cones are metric spaces introduced by John Roe from discrete group actions on compact metric spaces to produce interesting examples in coarse geometry. We show that a certain class of warped cones $\mathcal{O}_Γ(M)$ admit a fibred coarse embedding into a $L_p$-space ($1\leq p<\infty$) if and only if the discrete group $Γ$ admits a proper affine isometric action on a $L_p$-space. This actually holds for any class of Banach spaces stable under taking Lebesgue-Bochner $L_p$-spaces and ultraproducts, e.g., uniformly convex Banach spaces or Banach spaces with nontrivial type. It follows that the maximal coarse Baum-Connes conjecture and the coarse Novikov conjecture hold for a certain class of warped cones which do not coarsely embed into any $L_p$-space for any $1\leq p<\infty$.
We study the geometry of warped cones over free, minimal isometric group actions and related constructions of expander graphs. We prove a rigidity theorem for the coarse geometry of such warped cones: Namely, if a group has no abelian factors, then two such warped cones are quasi-isometric if and only if the actions are finite covers of conjugate actions. As a consequence, we produce continuous families of non-quasi-isometric expanders and superexpanders. The proof relies on the use of coarse topology for warped cones, such as a computation of their coarse fundamental groups.
We construct a locally finite graph and a bounded geometry metric space which do not admit a quasi-isometric embedding into any uniformly convex Banach space. Connections with the geometry of $c_0$ and superreflexivity are discussed.
We study the horofunction boundaries of Hilbert and Thompson geometries, and of Banach spaces, in arbitrary dimension. By comparing the boundaries of these spaces, we show that the only Hilbert and Thompson geometries that are isometric to Banach spaces are the ones defined on the cone of positive continuous functions on a compact space.
We prove that if a quasi-isometry of warped cones is induced by a map between the base spaces of the cones, the actions must be conjugate by this map. The converse is false in general, conjugacy of actions is not sufficient for quasi-isometry of the respective warped cones. For a general quasi-isometry of warped cones, using the asymptotically faithful covering constructed in a previous work with Jianchao Wu, we deduce that the two groups are quasi-isometric after taking Cartesian products with suitable powers of the integers. Secondly, we characterise geometric properties of a group (coarse e…
In this paper we show that a countable, residually amenable group admits a proper isometric affine action on some uniformly convex Banach space if and only if one (or equivalently, all) of its box families admits a fibred cofinitely-coarse embedding into some uniformly convex Banach space.
For a Banach space $X$, we show that any family of graphs quasi-isometric to levels of a warped cone $\mathcal O_ΓY$ is an expander with respect to $X$ if and only if the induced $Γ$-representation on $L^2(Y;X)$ has a spectral gap. This provides examples of graphs that are an expander with respect to all Banach spaces of non-trivial type.
Let $(M,d)$ be a bounded countable metric space and $c>0$ a constant, such that $d(x,y)+d(y,z)-d(x,z) \ge c$, for any pairwise distinct points $x,y,z$ of $M$. For such metric spaces we prove that they can be isometrically embedded into any Banach space containing an isomorphic copy of $\ell_\infty$.
We show that warped cones over actions with spectral gaps do not embed coarsely into large classes of Banach spaces. In particular, there exist warped cones over actions of the free group that do not embed coarsely into $L_p$-spaces and there are warped cones over discrete group actions that do not embed into any Banach space with non-trivial type.
We consider a general notion of snowflake of a metric space by composing the distance by a nontrivial concave function. We prove that a snowflake of a metric space $X$ isometrically embeds into some finite-dimensional normed space if and only if $X$ is finite. In the case of power functions we give a uniform bound on the cardinality of $X$ depending only on the power exponent and the dimension of the vector space.
School of Mathematical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Applications (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Tongji University（同济大学数学科学学院，教育部智能计算与应用重点实验室）
We prove that all finite graphs of groups with cyclic vertex and edge groups act freely and isometrically on a complete, nonpositively curved geodesic metric space.
It is known that the expanders arising as increasing sequences of level sets of warped cones, as introduced by the second-named author, do not coarsely embed into a Banach space as soon as the corresponding warped cone does not coarsely embed into this Banach space. Combining this with non-embeddability results for warped cones by Nowak and Sawicki, which relate the non-embeddability of a warped cone to a spectral gap property of the underlying action, we provide new examples of expanders that do not coarsely embed into any Banach space with nontrivial type. Moreover, we prove that these expan…
We provide the converses to two results of J. Roe (Geom. Topol. 2005): first, the warped cone associated to a free action of an a-T-menable group admits a fibred coarse embedding into a Hilbert space, and second, a free action yielding a warped cone with property A must be amenable. We construct examples showing that in both cases the freeness assumption is necessary. The first equivalence is obtained also for other classes of Banach spaces, in particular for $L^p$-spaces.
Let $V$ be a Banach space where for fixed $n$, $1<n<\dim(V)$, all of its $n$-dimensional subspaces are isometric. In 1932, Banach asked if under this hypothesis $V$ is necessarily a Hilbert space. Gromov, in 1967, answered it positively for even $n$ and all $V$. In this paper we give a positive answer for real $V$ and odd $n$ of the form $n=4k+1$, with the possible exception of $n=133.$ Our proof relies on a new characterization of ellipsoids in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$, $n\geq 5$, as the only symmetric convex bodies all of whose linear hyperplane sections are linearly equivalent affine bodies of revo…
We construct metric spaces that do not have property A yet are coarsely embeddable into the Hilbert space. Our examples are so called warped cones, which were introduced by J. Roe to serve as examples of spaces non-embeddable into a Hilbert space and with or without property A. The construction provides the first examples of warped cones combining coarse embeddability and lack of property A. We also construct warped cones over manifolds with isometrically embedded expanders and generalise Roe's criteria for the lack of property A or coarse embeddability of a warped cone. Along the way, it is p…
The complex conjecture of Stefan Banach states that if V is a Banach space over the complex numbers where for some n, 1<n<dim(V), all of its n-dimensional subspaces are isometric, then V is a Hilbert space. Mikhail Gromov proved it for n even in 1967. Here, we prove it for n congruent to 1 mod 4.
We define a way of approximating actions on measure spaces using finite graphs; we then show that in quite general settings these graphs form a family of expanders if and only if the action is expanding in measure. This provides a somewhat unified approach to construct expanders. We also show that the graphs we obtain are uniformly quasi-isometric to the level sets of warped cones. This way we can also prove non-embeddability results for the latter and restate an old conjecture of Gamburd-Jakobson-Sarnak.
We study finite subsets of $\ell_2$, and more generally any metric space, and consider whether these isometrically embed into a Banach space. Our results partially answer a question of Ostrovskii, on whether every infinite-dimensional Banach space contains every finite subset of $\ell_2$ isometrically. The updated version contains acknowledgement that Theorem 3.1 has been proven previously in a paper of Shkarin.
Fudan University（复旦大学）；AI for Scientific Simulation and Discovery Lab, Westlake University（西湖大学科学模拟与发现人工智能实验室）；Westlake University（西湖大学）；University of Glasgow（格拉斯哥大学）；ShanghaiTech University（上海科技大学）
We introduce the notions of almost Lipschitz embeddability and nearly isometric embeddability. We prove that for $p\in [1,\infty]$, every proper subset of $L_p$ is almost Lipschitzly embeddable into a Banach space $X$ if and only if $X$ contains uniformly the $\ell_p^n$'s. We also sharpen a result of N. Kalton by showing that every stable metric space is nearly isometrically embeddable in the class of reflexive Banach spaces.
Using isometric embedding of metric trees into Banach spaces, this paper will investigate barycenters, type and cotype, and various measures of compactness of metric trees. A metric tree ($T$, $d$) is a metric space such that between any two of its points there is an unique arc that is isometric to an interval in $\mathbb{R}$. We begin our investigation by examining isometric embeddings of metric trees into Banach spaces. We then investigate the possible images $x_0=π((x_1+\ldots+x_n)/n)$, where $π$ is a contractive retraction from the ambient Banach space $X$ onto $T$ (such a $π$ always exist…
We prove that any convex-like structure in the sense of Nate Brown is affinely and isometrically isomorphic to a closed convex subset of a Banach space. This answers an open question of Brown. As an intermediate step, we identify Brown's algebraic axioms as equivalent to certain well-known axioms of abstract convexity. We conclude with a new characterization of convex subsets of Banach spaces.
