We present a novel Dynamic Monte Carlo code (DynaMo code) which self-consistently simulates the Compton scattering driven dynamic evolution of a plasma. We use the DynaMo code to investigate the time-dependent expansion and acceleration of dissipationless GRB fireballs by varying their initial opacities and baryonic content. We study the opacity and energy density evolution of an initially optically thick, radiation-dominated fireball across its entire phase space - in particular during the $R_{\rm ph} < R_{\rm sat}$ regime. Our results reveal new phases of fireball evolution: a transition phase with a radial extent of several orders of magnitude - the fireball transitions from $Γ\propto R$ to $Γ\propto R^0$, a post-photopsheric acceleration phase - where fireballs accelerate beyond the photosphere, and a Thomson-dominated acceleration phase - characterized by slow acceleration of optically thick, matter-dominated fireballs due to Thomson scattering. We quantify the new phases by providing analytical expressions of Lorentz factor evolution, which will be useful for deriving jet parameters.
The luminosity of the Soft Gamma Repeater (SGR) flares significantly exceeds the Eddington luminosity. This is because they emit mainly in the E-mode, for which the radiative cross-sections are strongly suppressed. The energy is released in the magnetosphere forming a magnetically trapped pair fireball, and the surface of the star is illuminated by the powerful radiation from the fireball. We study the ablation of the matter from the surface by this radiation. The E-mode photons are scattered within the surface layer, partly being converted into O-photons, whose scattering cross-section is of …
We present coordinated observations of GRB 170202A carried out by the Zadko and the Virgin Island Robotic Telescopes. The observations started 59s after the event trigger, and provided nearly continuous coverage for two days due to the unique location of these telescopes. We clearly detected an early rise in optical emission, followed by late optical flares. By complementing these data with archival observations, we show GRB 170202A is well described by the standard fireball model if multiple reverse shocks are taken into account. Its fireball is evidenced to expand within a constant density i…
The jet composition and radiative efficiency of GRBs are poorly constrained from the data. If the jet composition is matter-dominated (i.e. a fireball), the GRB prompt emission spectra would include a dominant thermal component originating from the fireball photosphere, and a non-thermal component presumably originating from internal shocks whose radii are greater than the photosphere radius. We propose a method to directly dissect the GRB fireball energy budget into three components and measure their values by combining the prompt emission and early afterglow data. The measured parameters inc…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions in the universe. How efficiently the jet converts its energy to radiation is a long-standing problem and it is poorly constrained. The standard model invokes a relativistic fireball with a bright photosphere emission component. A definitive diagnosis of GRB radiation components and measurement of GRB radiative efficiency require prompt emission and afterglow data with high-resolution and wide-band coverage in time and energy. Here we report a comprehensive temporal and spectral analysis of the TeV-emitting bright GRB 190114C. Its fluence…
Study of shock wave dynamics produced by interaction of a fireball with the surrounding medium to it, to explain the x-ray afterglow of Gamma Ray Burst-GRBs
The composition of a jet is still an unsolved problem in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Several previous studies have suggested that the prompt emission spectrum of GRBs is likely to consist of a few components that may arise from different jet compositions. Here we present a systematic analysis to search for the GRBs that seem to show the transition from a fireball to the Poynting-flux-dominated outflow between well-separated pulses within a single burst, like the GRB 160626B, using the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor data of the \emph{Fermi} satellite. We obtain 43 GRBs with clear multiple pulses and find…
Magnetar giant flares (MGFs) have been long proposed to contribute at least a sub-sample of the observed short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The recent discovery of the short GRB 200415A in the nearby galaxy NGC 253 established a textbook-version connection between these two phenomena. Unlike previous observations of the Galactic MGFs, the unsaturated instrument spectra of GRB 200415A provide for the first time an opportunity to test the theoretical models with the observed $γ$-ray photons. This paper proposed a new readily fit-able model for the MGFs, which invokes an expanding fireball Comptonize…
坍缩星可能是长伽马射线暴(lGRB)的前身。lGRB已经被观察到持续数千到数万秒,因此中微子驱动的发动机不太可能作为驱动喷流的主要机制。在这种情况下,布兰德福德Znajek机制似乎可以解释生产的旋转轴定向喷流,而不需要大吸积率。这些发动机,需要磁场之间的$10^{12}$ G $< B < 10^{15}$ G线程内磁盘,克尔BH区存在。本文导出了由电子、质子、中子及其反粒子组成的弱磁和强磁伽玛暴火球流中中微子的自能和有效势,最高可达O(1/ $M_W^4$)。我们考虑的中微子能量为1-100 MeV,产生于恒星坍缩,合并事件或在火球本身的电子正电子湮没,逆β衰变和核子韧致辐射过程。这些中微子中有许多会通过火球传播,并可能发生共振振荡。使用两个中微子混合,我们研究这些振荡的可能性。
A new model using a general expression of the radiation energy and explaining the dynamics of the afterglows is proposed. It is shown that this model is suitable for the ultra-relativistic and non-relativistic phases as well as the study of radiative and adiabatic fireballs.
The Chinese CubeSat Mission, Gamma Ray Integrated Detectors (GRID), recently detected its first gamma-ray burst, GRB 210121A, which was jointly observed by the Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM). This burst is confirmed by several other missions, including \fermi and \textit{Insight}-HXMT. We combined multi-mission observational data and performed a comprehensive analysis of the burst's temporal and spectral properties. Our results show that the burst is relatively special in its high peak energy, thermal-like low energy indices, and large fluenc…
Reappraisal of the Constraints on Heavy Axion-like Particles from Gamma-Ray Bursts
Washington University(华盛顿大学);Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz(美因茨约翰内斯古腾堡大学);SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies(国际高等研究学院);IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe(宇宙基础物理研究所);INFN, Sezione di Trieste(意大利国家核物理研究所的里雅斯特分部);University of Johannesburg(约翰内斯堡大学);The George Washington University(乔治华盛顿大学)
We perform a stringent search for precursor emission of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) from the Fermi/GBM data and find 16 precursor events with $\gtrsim4.5σ$ significance. We find that the durations of the main SGRB emission ($T_{\rm GRB}$) and the precursor emission ($T_{\rm pre}$), as well as the waiting time ($T_{\rm wt}$) in between, are roughly comparable to each other, with $T_{\rm wt}\approx2.8T_{\rm GRB}^{1.2}$ approximately satisfied for most cases except one significant outlier. We also perform spectral analyses to the precursors and SGRBs, and find that the spectra of precursor emi…