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arXiv 1704.04552astro-ph.HE
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BL Lacertae:X射线光谱演化和黑洞质量估计

BL Lacertae: X-ray spectral evolution and a black-hole mass estimate

Lev Titarchuk, Elena Seifina

摘要:

本文分析了利用RXTE、朱雀、ASCA、BeppoSAX和Swift观测的活动星系核BL Lacertae的X射线光谱特性。这些观察所涵盖的总时间约为20年。我们表明,这个源经历了X射线光谱跃迁从低硬态(LHS)通过中间态(IS)的高软态(HSS)在这些观测。在RXTE观测期间(1997 - 2001年,{180 ks,共145个数据集}),源分别约占IS,LHS和HSS的75%,20%和仅5。我们还使用了12年(2005 - 2016年)的Swift观测(470个数据集,共800 k),BeppoSAX的(0.3 - 200 keV)数据(1997 - 2000,160 k)和ASCA的(0.3 - 10 keV)数据(1995 - 1999,160 k)。Suzaku(2006年,2013年; 50 ks)的两次观测与长期RXTE和Swift数据集相结合,使我们能够描述BL Lac的所有光谱状态。用体运动康普顿化(BMC)模型对BL Lac的光谱进行了拟合。我们已经建立了光子指数饱和水平,Gamma_{sat} =2.2+/-0.1,在伽马与质量吸积率(Mdot)的相关性。这种伽马-Mdot相关性使我们能够估计出BL Lac中的黑洞(BH)质量为M_{BH} ~ 3 × 10^7 M_sol,距离为300 Mpc。对于BH质量的估算,我们采用了以恒星质量的银河系BH 4U~(1543- 47)和GX~(339- 4)为参考源的标度方法。在BL Lac中发现的Gamma-Mdot相关性类似于一些恒星质量的银河系黑洞和最近研究的两个中等质量的河外黑洞。它清楚地显示了相关性以及在~ 2.2处的非常扩展的$Γ$饱和度。这是BL Lac中存在BH的有力观测证据。

英文摘要:

We present an analysis of the spectral properties observed in X-rays from active galactic nucleus BL Lacertae using RXTE, Suzaku, ASCA, BeppoSAX, and Swift observations. The total time covered by these observations is approximately 20 years. We show that this source undergoes X-ray spectral transitions from the low hard state (LHS) through the intermediate state (IS) to the high soft state (HSS) during these observations. During the RXTE observations (1997 -- 2001, {180 ks, for a total 145 datasets}), the source was approximately 75%, 20% and only 5 of the time in the IS, LHS, and HSS, respectively. We also used Swift observations (470 datasets, for a total 800 ks), which occurred during 12 years (2005 -- 2016), the (0.3 -- 200 keV) data of BeppoSAX (1997 -- 2000, 160 ks), and the (0.3 -- 10 keV) data of ASCA (1995 -- 1999, 160 ks). Two observations of Suzaku (2006, 2013; 50 ks) in combinations with long-term RXTE and Swift data-sets allow us to describe all spectral states of BL Lac. The spectra of BL Lac are well fitted by the bulk motion Comptonization (BMC) model for all spectral states. We have established the photon index saturation level, Gamma_{sat}=2.2+/-0.1, in the Gamma vs. mass accretion rate (Mdot) correlation. This Gamma-Mdot correlation allows us to estimate the black-hole (BH) mass in BL Lac to be M_{BH}~3x10^7 M_sol for a distance of 300 Mpc. For the BH mass estimate, we use the scaling method taking stellar-mass Galactic BHs 4U~1543--47 and GX~339--4 as reference sources. The Gamma-Mdot correlation revealed in BL Lac is similar to those in a number of stellar-mass Galactic BHs and two recently studied intermediate-mass extragalactic BHs. It clearly shows the correlation along with the very extended $Γ$ saturation at ~ 2.2. This is robust observational evidence for the presence of a BH in BL Lac.

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