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arXiv 1704.04546cs.DScs.CC
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基于SETH的子集和与双准则路的下界

SETH-Based Lower Bounds for Subset Sum and Bicriteria Path

Amir Abboud, Karl Bringmann, Danny Hermelin, Dvir Shabtay

摘要:

Subset-Sum和k-SAT是计算机科学中研究最广泛的两个问题,关于它们的难度的说明是细粒度复杂性的基石之一。在这一领域最有趣的开放问题之一是将这些问题之一的难度建立在另一个问题的基础上。我们的主要结果是一个紧密的减少,从k-SAT的子集和密集的情况下,证明贝尔曼的1962年的伪多项式$O^{*}(T)$ -时间算法的子集和$n$号码和目标$T$不能提高到时间$T^{1-\varepsilon}\cdot 2^{o(n)}$的任何$\varepsilon>0$,除非强指数时间假设(SETH)失败。这是细粒度复杂性的任何两个核心问题之间最强的已知联系之一。作为一个推论,我们证明了“直接或”定理的子集和SETH下,提供了一个新的工具,证明条件下界:现在可以假设,决定是否出$N$给定的子集和实例是一个YES实例需要时间$(N T)^{1-o(1)}$。作为这一推论的应用,我们证明了一个严格的SETH为基础的下界的经典Bicriteria s,t-路径问题,这是广泛研究的运筹学。我们将其复杂性与子集和的复杂性分开:在具有$m$边和以$L$为界的边长度的图上,我们证明了Joksch从1966年开始的$O(Lm)$伪多项式时间算法不能改进为$\tilde{O}(L+m)$,这与最近对子集和的改进相反(Bringmann,SODA 2017)。

英文摘要:

Subset-Sum and k-SAT are two of the most extensively studied problems in computer science, and conjectures about their hardness are among the cornerstones of fine-grained complexity. One of the most intriguing open problems in this area is to base the hardness of one of these problems on the other. Our main result is a tight reduction from k-SAT to Subset-Sum on dense instances, proving that Bellman's 1962 pseudo-polynomial $O^{*}(T)$-time algorithm for Subset-Sum on $n$ numbers and target $T$ cannot be improved to time $T^{1-\varepsilon}\cdot 2^{o(n)}$ for any $\varepsilon>0$, unless the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH) fails. This is one of the strongest known connections between any two of the core problems of fine-grained complexity. As a corollary, we prove a "Direct-OR" theorem for Subset-Sum under SETH, offering a new tool for proving conditional lower bounds: It is now possible to assume that deciding whether one out of $N$ given instances of Subset-Sum is a YES instance requires time $(N T)^{1-o(1)}$. As an application of this corollary, we prove a tight SETH-based lower bound for the classical Bicriteria s,t-Path problem, which is extensively studied in Operations Research. We separate its complexity from that of Subset-Sum: On graphs with $m$ edges and edge lengths bounded by $L$, we show that the $O(Lm)$ pseudo-polynomial time algorithm by Joksch from 1966 cannot be improved to $\tilde{O}(L+m)$, in contrast to a recent improvement for Subset Sum (Bringmann, SODA 2017).

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