Reduced fluid models for collisionless plasmas including electron inertia and finite Larmor radius corrections are derived for scales ranging from the ion to the electron gyroradii. Based either on pressure balance or on the incompressibility of the electron fluid, they respectively capture kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) or whistler waves (WWs), and can provide suitable tools for reconnection and turbulence studies. Both isothermal regimes and Landau fluid closures permitting anisotropic pressure fluctuations are considered. For small values of the electron beta parameter $β_e$, a perturbative computation of the gyroviscous force valid at scales comparable to the electron inertial length is performed at order $O(β_e)$, which requires second-order contributions in a scale expansion. Comparisons with kinetic theory are performed in the linear regime. The spectrum of transverse magnetic fluctuations for strong and weak turbulence energy cascades is also phenomenologically predicted for both types of waves. In the case of moderate ion to electron temperature ratio, a new regime of KAW turbulence at scales smaller than the electron inertial length is obtained, where the magnetic energy spectrum decays like $k_\perp^{-13/3}$, thus faster than the $k_\perp^{-11/3}$ spectrum of WW turbulence.
Nonlinear finite-Larmor-radius effects in reduced fluid models
与导致非线性回旋动力学Vlasov-麦克斯韦方程组的动力学约化相关的极化和磁化效应被示出为将非线性有限拉莫尔半径效应引入到先前通过拉格朗日变分法导出的一组非线性约化流体方程中[A. J. Brizard，Phys. Plasmas 12，092302（2005）]。这些固有的非线性FLR效应，这是与从引导中心相空间动力学的陀螺中心相空间动力学的转换，是不同于标准的FLR修正与从粒子到引导中心相空间动力学的转换。我们还提出了线性色散关系和结果从非线性模拟代码使用这些简化的流体方程。模拟结果（在直的和偶极子的几何形状）表明，方程描述的耦合动力学的阿尔芬和声波和总的模拟能量是守恒的。
Development of a Reduced Multi-Fluid Equilibrium Model and Its Application to Proton-Boron Spherical Tokamaks
ENN Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.（恩能科技发展有限公司）；School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学物理学院）；Southwestern Institute of Physics（西南核物理与化学研究所）；Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Zhejiang University（浙江大学聚变理论与模拟研究所）；Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Fusion Energy and Nuclear Waste Management Plasmaphysik（于利希有限公司聚变能与核废料管理等离子体物理研究所）
