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arXiv 1104.4622physics.plasm-phastro-ph.SRphysics.space-ph
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低β等离子体中低频动力学、磁重联和电子加热的简化流体动力学方程

Reduced fluid-kinetic equations for low-frequency dynamics, magnetic reconnection and electron heating in low-beta plasmas

Alessandro Zocco, Alexander Schekochihin

摘要:

本文提出了一个低β等离子体中磁重联和低频动力学的极小模型。该模型结合了分析和计算的简单性与物理可实现性:它是一个严格的限制的陀螺动力学等离子体β的顺序的电子-离子的质量比。该模型包含碰撞,可用于碰撞和无碰撞重联制度。它包括回旋离子(不假设冷),并允许通过电阻率或电子惯性(无论哪个占主导地位)对磁场线进行拓扑重排。两个流体动力学耦合到电子动力学-电子不假定等温,并通过减少漂移动力学方程描述。因此,该模型允许的不可逆性和通过速度空间中的平行相混合的磁能转化为电子热。分析了各种形式的自由能之间的交换及其转化为电子热。它示出了如何所有相关的线性波和制度的撕裂不稳定性(无碰撞,半碰撞和完全电阻)恢复在我们的模型的各种限制。提出了一种有效的方法来模拟我们的方程数值,通过厄米表示的速度空间。结果表明,速度空间中的小尺度将形成,从而引起一个浅厄米空间谱,由此推断,对于稳态或足够慢的动力学,电子加热速率将保持有限的碰撞消失的限制。

英文摘要:

A minimal model for magnetic reconnection and, generally, low-frequency dynamics in low-beta plasmas is proposed. The model combines analytical and computational simplicity with physical realizability: it is a rigorous limit of gyrokinetics for plasma beta of order the electron-ion mass ratio. The model contains collisions and can be used both in the collisional and collisionless reconnection regimes. It includes gyrokinetic ions (not assumed cold) and allows for the topological rearrangement of the magnetic field lines by either resistivity or electron inertia, whichever predominates. The two-fluid dynamics are coupled to electron kinetics --- electrons are not assumed isothermal and are described by a reduced drift-kinetic equation. The model therefore allows for irreversibility and conversion of magnetic energy into electron heat via parallel phase mixing in velocity space. An analysis of the exchanges between various forms of free energy and its conversion into electron heat is provided. It is shown how all relevant linear waves and regimes of the tearing instability (collisionless, semicollisional and fully resistive) are recovered in various limits of our model. An efficient way to simulate our equations numerically is proposed, via the Hermite representation of the velocity space. It is shown that small scales in velocity space will form, giving rise to a shallow Hermite-space spectrum, whence it is inferred that, for steady-state or sufficiently slow dynamics, the electron heating rate will remain finite in the limit of vanishing collisionality.

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