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arXiv 1703.10751math.OC
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基于采样方法的Pontryagin最优控制极小化器的数值综合

Numerical Synthesis of Pontryagin Optimal Control Minimizers Using Sampling-Based Methods

Runxin He, Humberto Gonzalez

摘要:

最优控制仍然是系统理论中最通用的框架之一,使应用范围从经典的鲁棒控制到车队的实时安全操作。虽然某些最优控制问题可以使用代数或凸方法有效地求解,但大多数一般形式的最优控制必须使用内存昂贵的数值方法求解。本文提出了一个理论公式和相应的数值算法,可以找到庞特里亚金-最优输入一般动力系统通过使用直接方法。庞特里亚金最优输入,那些满足最小值原理,可以找到许多类的问题,使用间接的方法。但求解间接问题的收敛数值方法很难找到,而且往往收敛缓慢。另一方面,收敛的直接最优控制方法速度快,理论基础扎实,但它们的极限点通常是Banach最优输入,这是一种较弱形式的最优性条件。我们的结果,建立在放松的输入定义的J. Warga的理论,建立了庞特里亚金最优输入和最优放松输入之间的等价关系。然后,我们形成了一个基于采样的数值方法,使用迭代法近似的Pontryagin最优松弛输入。最后,使用可证明收敛的数值方法,我们合成的Pontryagin最优输入的采样放松输入的近似。

英文摘要:

Optimal control remains as one of the most versatile frameworks in systems theory, enabling applications ranging from classical robust control to real-time safe operation of fleets of vehicles. While some optimal control problems can be efficiently solved using algebraic or convex methods, most general forms of optimal control must be solved using memory- expensive numerical methods. In this paper we present a theoretical formulation and a corresponding numerical algorithm that can find Pontryagin- optimal inputs for general dynamical systems by using a direct method. Pontryagin-optimal inputs, those satisfying the Minimum Principle, can be found for many classes of problems using indirect methods. But convergent numerical methods to solve indirect problems are hard to find and often converge slowly. On the other hand, convergent direct optimal control methods are fast and founded on solid theory, but their limit points are usually Banach-optimal inputs, which are a weaker form of optimality condition. Our result, founded on the theory of relaxed inputs as defined by J. Warga, establishes an equivalence between Pontryagin- optimal inputs and optimal relaxed inputs. Then, we formu- late a sampling-based numerical method to approximate the Pontryagin-optimal relaxed inputs using an iterative method. Finally, using a provably-convergent numerical method, we synthesize approximations of the Pontryagin-optimal inputs from the sampled relaxed inputs.

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