The Sardinia Radio Telescope: From a Technological Project to a Radio Observatory
I. Prandoni, M. Murgia, A. Tarchi, M. Burgay, P. Castangia, E. Egron, F. Govoni, A. Pellizzoni, R. Ricci, S. Righini, M. Bartolini, S. Casu, A. Corongiu, M. N. … 展开作者
I. Prandoni, M. Murgia, A. Tarchi, M. Burgay, P. Castangia, E. Egron, F. Govoni, A. Pellizzoni, R. Ricci, S. Righini, M. Bartolini, S. Casu, A. Corongiu, M. N. Iacolina, A. Melis, F. T. Nasir, A. Orlati, D. Perrodin, S. Poppi, A. Trois, V. Vacca, A. Zanichelli, M. Bachetti, M. Buttu, G. Comoretto, R. Concu, A. Fara, F. Gaudiomonte, F. Loi, C. Migoni, A. Orfei, M. Pilia, P. Bolli, E. Carretti, N. D'Amico, D. Guidetti, S. Loru, F. Massi, T. Pisanu, I. Porceddu, A. Ridolfi, G. Serra, C. Stanghellini, C. Tiburzi, S. Tingay, G. Valente
备注:
26 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in Section 13 'Astronomical instrumentation' of Astronomy & Astrophysics
[Abridged] The Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT) is the new 64-m dish operated by INAF (Italy). Its active surface will allow us to observe at frequencies of up to 116 GHz. At the moment, three receivers, one per focal position, have been installed and tested. The SRT was officially opened in October 2013, upon completion of its technical commissioning phase. In this paper, we provide an overview of the main science drivers for the SRT, describe the main outcomes from the scientific commissioning of the telescope, and discuss a set of observations demonstrating the SRT's scientific capabilities. One of the main objectives of scientific commissioning was the identification of deficiencies in the instrumentation and/or in the telescope sub-systems for further optimization. As a result, the overall telescope performance has been significantly improved. As part of the scientific commissioning activities, different observing modes were tested and validated, and first astronomical observations were carried out to demonstrate the science capabilities of the SRT. In addition, we developed astronomer-oriented software tools, to support future observers on-site. The astronomical validation activities were prioritized based on technical readiness and scientific impact. The highest priority was to make the SRT available for joint observations as part of European networks. As a result, the SRT started to participate (in shared-risk mode) in EVN (European VLBI Network) and LEAP (Large European Array for Pulsars) observing sessions in early 2014. The validation of single-dish operations for the suite of SRT first light receivers and backends continued in the following years, and was concluded with the first call for shared-risk/early-science observations issued at the end of 2015.
JWST telemetry combined with active coronagraphy: raw contrast predictions for exoplanet imaging with the Habitable Worlds Observatory
Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);University of California Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校);Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange(蔚蓝海岸大学,蔚蓝海岸天文台,法国国家科学研究中心,拉格朗日实验室);Max Planck Institute for Astronomy(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所)
Project management of the Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector
McGill University(麦吉尔大学);National Research Council Canada(加拿大国家研究委员会);Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics(珀米特理论物理研究所);University of Toronto(多伦多大学)
Pulsar science with data from the Large European Array for Pulsars
大型欧洲脉冲星阵列(英语:Large European Array for Pulsars,LEAP)是欧洲的一个脉冲星定时阵列计划,它将洛弗尔、埃弗尔斯贝格、南赛、撒丁岛和韦斯特博克的射电望远镜组合成一个单一的捆绑阵列,并每月对一组毫秒脉冲星(英语:milliseconds pulsar,MSP)进行观测。我们的实验概述见Bassa et al.(2016)。基带数据以1396 MHz的中心频率和每个望远镜128 MHz的带宽记录,并使用专用相关器在Jodrell Bank天文台的集群上进行离线相关,详细信息见Smits et al.(2017)。LEAP提供了比单个望远镜更高的灵敏度,并且可以在定时和成像模式下运行(特别是在银河系中心射电磁星的观测中; Wucknitz 2015)。到目前为止,已经减少了4年的观察。在这里,我们报告了利用LEAP数据的科学项目。
Stratospheric balloons as a platform for the next large far infrared observatory
需要大型物理仪器和(或)大量冷冻剂的观测,如高空间分辨率远红外天文学,目前在空间进行观测仍面临技术限制。角分辨率和现有的观测能力受到特别大的影响。基于天基的平台有望补充现有的观测能力,提供以相对较少的努力部署相对较大的望远镜的手段,包括其他优势,如定期补充冷冻剂以及更换和/或更新仪器的可能性。计划中的欧洲平流层气球观测站旨在提供这些额外的大孔径远红外成像能力,从长远来看,将超过赫歇尔的空间分辨率。该计划的重点是可重复使用的平台执行定期飞行和操作概念,为研究人员提供基于建议的观测。因此,它的目的是在波长范围、空间分辨率能力和光度稳定性方面对其他机载、地基和天基观测站提供补充。虽然FIR能力是一个主要的长期目标,但ESBO将在其他波长范围内提供好处。在ESBO设计研究范围内,正在建造一个载有0.5米望远镜的原型平台,用于紫外和可见光观测,并正在研究下一代远红外望远镜的平台概念。UV/VIS原型平台预计将于2021年进行飞行。在本文中,我们将概述的科学和技术的动机,一个大口径气球为基础的FIR天文台和ESBO DS方法对这样的基础设施。其次,我们将介绍0.5 m UV/VIS平台的技术动机、科学案例和仪器。
Impact of site-dependent noise configurations on Einstein Telescope science at low frequency
Sapienza Università di Roma(罗马第一大学);INFN, Sezione di Roma(罗马国家核物理研究所);Scuola Normale Superiore(比萨高等师范学院);INFN, Sezione di Pisa(比萨国家核物理研究所);Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca(米兰比可卡大学);INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca(米兰比可卡国家核物理研究所);INFN, Sezione di Cagliari(卡利亚里国家核物理研究所);Università degli Studi di Sassari(萨萨里大学);Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Pisa(比萨国家地球物理与火山学研究所);Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna(博洛尼亚国家地球物理与火山学研究所);Deutsches Zentrum für Astrophysik (DZA)(德国天体物理学中心)
BRICS Southern Observatory (BRICS-SO) Project: Invitation to African countries to invest in Chile
National Institute of Astronomical Optics & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院天文光学与技术研究所);China Chinese High Angular Resolution Southern Astronomical Laboratory (CHARSAL)/Astro-Photonics Laboratory/Space and Planetary Exploration Laboratory (SPEL), Dept. of Electrical Engineering, FCFM, Universidad de Chile(智利大学FCFM电气工程系中国高分辨率南天天文实验室/光子天文实验室/空间与行星探测实验室);Centro de Astronomıa (CITEVA), Universidad de Antofagasta(安托法加斯塔大学天文学中心(CITEVA));Departamento de Astronomıa, Universidad de Chile(智利大学天文学系);Instituto de Fisica y Astronomia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaıso(瓦尔帕莱索大学理学院物理与天文研究所);Astronomical Observatory, Volgina 7, PO Box 74 11060 Belgrade, Serbia(贝尔格莱德天文台);Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences(俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分支丘耶夫大气光学研究所);Oukaimeden Observatory, Laboratory of High Energy Physics and Astrophysics, FSSM, Cadi Ayyad University(卡迪阿亚德国立大学FSSM高能物理与天体物理学实验室乌凯梅登天文台);Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, CAS(中国科学院上海天文台)
下一代IACT(成像大气切伦科夫望远镜)将探索VHE(甚高能量)领域的最高端,达到约数百TeV,具有前所未有的灵敏度,角分辨率和成像质量。为此,意大利国家天体物理研究所(INAF)目前正在开发一个科学和技术望远镜原型,用于安装切伦科夫望远镜阵列(CTA)天文台。应科院(Astrofisica con Specchi a Tecnologia Replicante Italiana)预计将全面设计、开发、安装和校准小型4米级望远镜。该望远镜名为SST-2 M,基于Schwarzschild-Couder配置中的消球差、宽视场、双反射光学布局。在本文中,我们报告了望远镜和反射镜所采用的技术解决方案。特别是望远镜的结构和机电设计,以及在将组装成主镜的各部分原型开发后得出的光学性能结果。
应科院(Astrofisica a Specchi con Tecnologia Replicante Italiana)是一个由意大利教育、大学和研究部资助,并由意大利国家天体物理研究所领导的“旗舰计划”。它代表了意大利关于发展切伦科夫望远镜阵列小尺寸望远镜系统的建议,切伦科夫望远镜阵列是下一代甚高能伽马射线(20 GeV - 100 TeV)观测站。应科院的端到端原型将安装在Serra La Nave(意大利卡塔尼亚),并将于2014年初看到第一盏灯。我们描述了预期的性能的原型在几个选定的测试案例的北部emissippi。该原型的目的是探索技术解决方案和各种望远镜子系统的标称性能。
Breakthrough Listen's Automated Commensal Technosignature Survey with MeerKAT
University of Oxford(牛津大学);Berkeley SETI Research Center, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校伯克利SETI研究中心);SETI Institute(SETI研究所);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico(新墨西哥大学物理与天文学系);LPC2E, OSUC, Univ Orleans, CNRS, CNES, Observatoire de Paris(奥尔良大学、CNRS、CNES、巴黎天文台 LPC2E 联合实验室);South African Radio Astronomy Observatory(南非射电天文观测站)
The Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST): enabling large-scale sub-mm science beyond 2030
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学理论天体物理研究所);Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC)(空间科学研究所(ICE-CSIC));Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)(加泰罗尼亚空间研究学院(IEEC));Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)(加那利群岛天体物理研究所(IAC));Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna(拉古纳大学天体物理学系);European Southern Observatory (ESO)(欧洲南方天文台(ESO));OHB Digital Connect(OHB数字连接公司);Department of Technology Systems, University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学技术系统系);MPIfR(马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所);UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh(英国天体技术中心,爱丁堡皇家天文台);IPARCOS-UCM, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(马德里康普顿斯大学IPARCOS研究中心);Department of EEC Engineering, University of Pretoria(比勒陀利亚大学电气工程与电子工程系);University of Tokyo(东京大学);INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari(意大利国家天体物理研究所卡利亚里天文台);Nagoya University(名古屋大学);Rosseland Centre for Solar Physics, University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学罗斯兰太阳物理中心);ESO(欧洲南方天文台);ICREA(加泰罗尼亚卓越研究奖计划);Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM(巴黎萨克雷大学、巴黎西岱大学、法国原子能和替代能源委员会、法国国家科学研究中心、AIM);TU Delft(代尔夫特理工大学)