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arXiv 1010.4892astro-ph.IM
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高分辨率X射线望远镜

High-resolution x-ray telescopes

S. L. O'Dell, R. J. Brissenden, W. N. Davis, R. F. Elsner, M. Elvis, M. Freeman, T. Gaetz, P. Gorenstein, M. V. Gubarev, D. Jerius, M. Juda, J. J. Kolodziejczak… 展开作者

S. L. O'Dell, R. J. Brissenden, W. N. Davis, R. F. Elsner, M. Elvis, M. Freeman, T. Gaetz, P. Gorenstein, M. V. Gubarev, D. Jerius, M. Juda, J. J. Kolodziejczak, S. Murray, R. Petre, W. Podgorski, B. D. Ramsey, P. B. Reid, T. Saha, D. A. Schwartz, S. Trolier-McKinstry, M. C. Weisskopf, R. H. T. Wilke, S. Wolk, W. W. Zhang

摘要:

高能天体物理学是一个相对年轻的科学领域,是由空间望远镜实现的。在X射线天文学的半个世纪的历史中,聚焦X射线望远镜的灵敏度通过更精细的角分辨率和更大的有效面积已经提高了一亿倍。这一技术进步使得许多令人兴奋的发现和对高能宇宙越来越详细的研究成为可能,包括吸积(恒星质量和超大质量)黑洞,吸积和孤立的中子星,脉冲星风星云,超新星遗迹中的冲击等离子体,以及星系团中的热等离子体。作为宇宙中最大的结构,星系团构成了测量暗物质和暗能量引力效应的独特实验室。在这里,我们回顾了高分辨率X射线望远镜的历史,并强调了这些望远镜所带来的一些科学成果。接下来,我们描述了计划中的下一代X射线天文设施-国际X射线天文台(IXO)。最后,我们概述了下一代设施的概念-X代。这样一个任务的科学目标将需要非常大的面积(约10000平方米)的高度嵌套的轻型掠入射反射镜具有特殊的(约0.1角秒)角分辨率。用轻型反射镜实现这种角分辨率可能需要在轨调整对准和形状。

英文摘要:

High-energy astrophysics is a relatively young scientific field, made possible by space-borne telescopes. During the half-century history of x-ray astronomy, the sensitivity of focusing x-ray telescopes-through finer angular resolution and increased effective area-has improved by a factor of a 100 million. This technological advance has enabled numerous exciting discoveries and increasingly detailed study of the high-energy universe-including accreting (stellar-mass and super-massive) black holes, accreting and isolated neutron stars, pulsar-wind nebulae, shocked plasma in supernova remnants, and hot thermal plasma in clusters of galaxies. As the largest structures in the universe, galaxy clusters constitute a unique laboratory for measuring the gravitational effects of dark matter and of dark energy. Here, we review the history of high-resolution x-ray telescopes and highlight some of the scientific results enabled by these telescopes. Next, we describe the planned next-generation x-ray-astronomy facility-the International X-ray Observatory (IXO). We conclude with an overview of a concept for the next next-generation facility-Generation X. The scientific objectives of such a mission will require very large areas (about 10000 m2) of highly-nested lightweight grazing-incidence mirrors with exceptional (about 0.1-arcsecond) angular resolution. Achieving this angular resolution with lightweight mirrors will likely require on-orbit adjustment of alignment and figure.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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