发表机构
Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究首次探测到X射线望远镜绕地球轨道运动引起的X射线光子红移调制，在95%置信水平下通过XRISM/Resolve观测铁Kα发射线证实，并呼吁重新审视高分辨率X射线数据封装方式。
AI 中文摘要
我们首次探测到了X射线光子因X射线望远镜绕地球轨道运动而产生的红移和蓝移现象。当前及计划中的X射线望远镜，如XRISM/Resolve和NewAthena，能够实现能量分辨率 $R = E / \Delta E \approx 1000$，这需要对诸如本地静止标准系和地球绕太阳公转等物理效应进行光谱校准。我们构建了一种先验方法来探测此前未被检验的效应：X射线望远镜绕地球运动引起的红移调制。我们将这一流程应用于对银河系中心分子云窄铁K$\alpha$发射线的多次XRISM/Resolve观测，并在95%置信水平下探测到了K$\alpha$发射中轨道红移调制的证据。我们的研究结果表明，轨道红移调制已经存在于X射线数据中且可被探测到，这促使我们在高分辨率X射线光谱学的新兴时代重新审视X射线光子数据的封装方式。
英文摘要
We have detected for the first time the redshifting and blueshifting of X-ray photons due to the orbital motion of an X-ray telescope around the Earth. Current and planned X-ray telescopes like XRISM/Resolve and NewAthena can achieve energy resolutions $R = E / ΔE \approx 1000$, requiring spectroscopic calibration of physical effects such as the local standard of rest and the orbit of the Earth around the Sun. We construct an a priori method for detecting a heretofore unexamined effect: the modulation of redshift due to the motion of an X-ray telescope around the Earth. We apply this pipeline to several XRISM/Resolve observations of narrow iron K$α$ emission lines from galactic center molecular clouds, and we detect evidence of orbital redshift modulation in the K$α$ emission at the 95% confidence level. Our findings suggest that orbital redshift modulation is already present and detectable in X-ray data and motivates reexamination of how X-ray photon data is packaged in the emerging era of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy.
Comments10 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, 1 appendix (1 figure, 1 table), accepted for publication in ApJ
