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arXiv 1703.08994stat.AP
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信息价值:贝叶斯证据合成中的敏感性分析与研究设计

Value of Information: Sensitivity Analysis and Research Design in Bayesian Evidence Synthesis

Christopher Jackson, Anne Presanis, Stefano Conti, Daniela De Angelis

摘要:

假设我们有一个贝叶斯模型,它结合了来自几个不同来源的证据。我们想知道哪些模型参数最影响模型的估计或决策,或者哪些参数不确定性导致决策不确定性。此外,我们希望优先考虑应该收集哪些进一步的数据。这些问题可以通过信息价值(VoI)分析来解决,在该分析中,我们通过学习特定参数或收集给定设计的数据来估计预期的损失减少。我们描述了贝叶斯证据合成的VOI的理论和实践,使用和扩展的想法,从卫生经济学,计算机建模和贝叶斯设计。该方法是一般的一系列决策问题,包括点估计和离散行动之间的选择。我们将它们应用于估计艾滋病毒感染流行率的模型,结合来自几次调查,登记和专家信念的间接信息。该分析显示了哪些参数对每个流行率估计值的不确定性贡献最大,并提供了通过收集特定数量的额外数据而预期的精度改进。

英文摘要:

Suppose we have a Bayesian model which combines evidence from several different sources. We want to know which model parameters most affect the estimate or decision from the model, or which of the parameter uncertainties drive the decision uncertainty. Furthermore we want to prioritise what further data should be collected. These questions can be addressed by Value of Information (VoI) analysis, in which we estimate expected reductions in loss from learning specific parameters or collecting data of a given design. We describe the theory and practice of VoI for Bayesian evidence synthesis, using and extending ideas from health economics, computer modelling and Bayesian design. The methods are general to a range of decision problems including point estimation and choices between discrete actions. We apply them to a model for estimating prevalence of HIV infection, combining indirect information from several surveys, registers and expert beliefs. This analysis shows which parameters contribute most of the uncertainty about each prevalence estimate, and provides the expected improvements in precision from collecting specific amounts of additional data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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