Tremendous growing demand for high data rate services such as video, gaming and social networking in wireless cellular systems, attracted researchers' attention to focus on developing proximity services. In this regard, device-to-device (D2D) communications as a promising technology for future cellular systems, plays crucial rule. The key factor in D2D communication is providing efficient peer discovery mechanisms in ultra dense networks. In this paper, we propose a centralized D2D discovery scheme by employing a signaling algorithm to exchange D2D discovery messages between network entities. In this system, potential D2D pairs share uplink cellular users' resources with collision detection, to initiate a D2D links. Stochastic geometry is used to analyze system performance in terms of success probability of the transmitted signal and minimum required time slots for the proposed discovery scheme. Extensive simulations are used to evaluate the proposed system performance.
Device-to-device (D2D) communication enables the user equipments (UEs) located in close proximity to bypass the cellular base stations (BSs) and directly connect to each other, and thereby, offload traffic from the cellular infrastructure. D2D communication can improve spatial frequency reuse and energy efficiency in cellular networks. This paper presents a comprehensive and tractable analytical framework for D2D-enabled uplink cellular networks with a flexible mode selection scheme along with truncated channel inversion power control. Different from the existing mode selection schemes where t…
For device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying a cellular network with uplink resource sharing, both cellular and D2D links cause significant co-channel interference. In this paper, we address the critical issue of interference management in the network considering a practical path loss model incorporating both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) transmissions. To reduce the severe interference caused by active D2D links, we consider a mode selection scheme based on the maximum received signal strength (MRSS) for each user equipment (UE) to control the D2D-to-cellular inter…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks is expected to bring significant benefits for utilizing resources, improving user throughput and extending battery life of user equipments. However, the allocation of radio and power resources to D2D communication needs elaborate coordination, as D2D communication can cause interference to cellular communication. In this paper, we study joint channel and power allocation to improve the energy efficiency of user equipments. To solve the problem efficiently, we introduce an iterative combinatorial auction algorithm, where the D2D…
This paper proposes Leader in Charge (LiC), a reliable multicast architecture for device-to-device (D2D) radio underlaying cellular networks. The multicast-requesting user equipments (UEs) in close proximity form a D2D cluster to receive the multicast packets through cooperation. In addition to receiving the multicast packets from the eNB, UEs share what they received from the multicast on short-range links among UEs, namely the D2D links, to exploit the wireless resources a more efficient way. Consequently, we show that utilizing the D2D links in cellular networks increases the throughput of …
Heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with millimeter wave (mmWave) communications included are emerging as a promising candidate for the fifth generation mobile network. With highly directional antenna arrays, mmWave links are able to provide several-Gbps transmission rate. However, mmWave links are easily blocked without line of sight. On the other hand, D2D communications have been proposed to support many content based applications, and need to share resources with users in HCNs to improve spectral reuse and enhance system capacity. Consequently, an efficient resource allocation scheme fo…
Underlay in-band device-to-device (D2D) multicast communication, where the same content is disseminated via direct links in a group, has the potential to improve the spectral and energy efficiencies of cellular networks. However, most of the existing approaches for this problem only address either spectral efficiency (SE) or energy efficiency (EE). We study the tradeoff between SE and EE in a single cell D2D integrated cellular network, where multiple D2D multicast groups (MGs) may share the uplink channel with multiple cellular users (CUs). We formulate the EE maximization problem with constr…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication underlay cellular networks is a promising technique to improve spectrum efficiency. In this situation, D2D transmission may cause severe interference to both the cellular and other D2D links, which imposes a great technical challenge to spectrum allocation. Existing centralized schemes require global information, which causes a large signaling overhead. While existing distributed schemes requires frequent information exchange among D2D users and cannot achieve global optimization. In this paper, a distributed spectrum allocation framework based on multi-age…
Device-to-device(D2D) underlaying communication brings great benefits to the cellular networks from the improvement of coverage and spectral efficiency at the expense of complicated transceiver design. With frequency spectrum sharing mode, the D2D user generates interference to the existing cellular networks either in downlink or uplink. Thus the resource allocation for D2D pairs should be designed properly in order to reduce possible interference, in particular for uplink. In this paper, we introduce a novel bandwidth allocation scheme to maximize the utilities of both D2D users and cellular …
Device-to-Device (D2D) communication appears as a key communication paradigm to realizing the vision of Internet of Things (IoT) into reality by supporting heterogeneous objects interconnection in a large scale network. These devices may be many types of objects with embedded intelligence and communication capabilities, e.g., smart phones, cars, or home appliances. The issue in in this type of communication is the interference to cellular communication caused by D2D communication. Thus, proper power control and resource allocation should be coordinated in D2D network to prevent excessive inter…
The introduction of device-to-device (D2D) into cellular networks poses many new challenges in the resource allocation design due to the co-channel interference caused by spectrum reuse and limited battery life of user equipments (UEs). In this paper, we propose a distributed interference-aware energy-efficient resource allocation algorithm to maximize each UE's energy efficiency (EE) subject to its specific quality of service (QoS) and maximum transmission power constraints. We model the resource allocation problem as a noncooperative game, in which each player is self-interested and wants to…
Multicasting for disseminating popular data is an interesting solution for improving the energy and spectral efficiencies of cellular networks. To improve the achievable performance of such networks, underlay device-to-device (D2D) multicast communication offers a practical solution. However, despite significant potential for providing higher throughput and lower delay, implementing underlay D2D multicast communication poses several challenges, such as mutual interference among cellular users (CUs) and D2D multicast groups (MGs), and overhead signaling to provide channel state information, tha…
Device-to-device (D2D) communications as an underlay of a LTE-A (4G) network can reduce the traffic load as well as power consumption in cellular networks by way of utilizing peer-to-peer links for users in proximity of each other. This would enable other cellular users to increment their traffic, and the aggregate traffic for all users can be significantly increased without requiring additional spectrum. However, D2D communications may increase interference to cellular users (CUs) and force CUs to increase their transmit power levels in order to maintain their required quality-of-service (QoS…
Device-to-Device communications are expected to play an important role in current and future cellular generations, by increasing the spatial reuse of spectrum resources and enabling lower latency communication links. This paradigm has two fundamental building blocks: (i) proximity discovery and (ii) direct communication between proximate devices. While (ii) is treated extensively in the recent literature, (i) has received relatively little attention. In this paper we analyze a network-assisted underlay proximity discovery protocol, where a cellular device can take the role of: announcer (which…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication has seen as a major technology to overcome the imminent wireless capacity crunch and to enable new application services. In this paper, we propose a social-aware approach for optimizing D2D communication by exploiting two layers: the social network and the physical wireless layers. First we formulate the physical layer D2D network according to users' encounter histories. Subsequently, we propose an approach, based on the so-called Indian Buffet Process, so as to model the distribution of contents in users' online social networks. Given the social relations …
Underlay device-to-device (D2D) multicast communication has potential to improve performance of cellular networks. However, co-channel interference among cellular users (CUs) and D2D multicast groups (MGs) limits the gains of such communication. Allowing the CUs to have exclusion zones around them where no receiver of any MG can exist, is a realistic and pragmatic approach to reduce the co-channel interference of cellular transmission on D2D multicast reception. We use a stochastic geometry based approach to model this scenario. Specifically, we model the locations of CUs and D2D MG receivers …
Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has been recognized as a promising technique to offload the traffic for the evolved Node B (eNB). However, the D2D transmission as an underlay causes severe interference to both the cellular and other D2D links, which imposes a great technical challenge to radio resource allocation. Conventional graph based resource allocation methods typically consider the interference between two user equipments (UEs), but they cannot model the interference from multiple UEs to completely characterize the interference. In this paper, we study channel allocation using hype…
In this paper, we present a framework for resource allocations for multicast device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying a cellular network. The objective is to maximize the sum throughput of active cellular users (CUs) and feasible D2D groups in a cell, while meeting a certain signal-to-interferenceplus- noise ratio (SINR) constraint for both the CUs and D2D groups. We formulate the problem of power and channel allocation as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem where one D2D group can reuse the channels of multiple CUs and the channel of each CU can be reused by multipl…
The work presented in this paper deals with the issue of massive demands for higher capacity. For that matter, we investigate the spectrum resource management in outdoor mmWave cell for the uplink of cellular and D2D communications. Indeed, we provide a first insight how to optimize the system performance in terms of achievable throughput while realizing a compromise between the large number of admitted devices and the generated interference constraint. We propose a mathematical formulation of the optimization objective which falls in the mixed integer-real optimization scheme. To overcome its…
Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is a technology component for LTE-A. The existing researches allow D2D as an underlay to the cellular network to increase the spectral efficiency. In this book, D2D communication underlaying cellular networks is studied. Some physical-layer techniques and cross-layer optimization methods on resource management and interference avoidance are proposed and discussed. WINNER II channel models is applied to be the signal and interference model and simulation results show that the performance of D2D link is closely related to the distance between D2D transmitter …
The utility of smartphones has been limited to a great extent by their short battery life. In this work, we propose a new approach to prolonging smartphone battery life. We introduce the notions of "valueless" and "valued battery", as being the available battery when the user does or does not have access to a power source, respectively. We propose a cooperative system where users with high battery level help carry the traffic of users with low battery level. Our scheme helps increase the amount of valued battery in the network, thus it reduces the chance of users running out of battery early. …
The basic idea of device-to-device (D2D) communication is that pairs of suitably selected wireless devices reuse the cellular spectrum to establish direct communication links, provided that the adverse effects of D2D communication on cellular users is minimized and cellular users are given a higher priority in using limited wireless resources. Despite its great potential in terms of coverage and capacity performance, implementing this new concept poses some challenges, in particular with respect to radio resource management. The main challenges arise from a strong need for distributed D2D solu…
In this paper, we aim to secure the D2D communication of the D2D-underlaid cellular network by leveraging covert communication to hide its presence from the vigilant adversary. In particular, there are adversaries aiming to detect D2D communications based on their received signal powers. To avoid being detected, the legitimate entity, i.e., D2D-underlaid cellular network, performs power control so as to hide the presence of the D2D communication. We model the combat between the adversaries and the legitimate entity as a two-stage Stackelberg game. Therein, the adversaries are the followers and…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication in cellular networks allows direct transmission between two cellular devices with local communication needs. Due to the increasing number of autonomous heterogeneous devices in future mobile networks, an efficient resource allocation scheme is required to maximize network throughput and achieve higher spectral efficiency. In this paper, performance of network-integrated D2D communication under channel uncertainties is investigated where D2D traffic is carried through relay nodes. Considering a multi-user and multi-relay network, we propose a robust distribu…
Peer-to-peer communication has been recently considered as a popular issue for local area services. An innovative resource allocation scheme is proposed to improve the performance of mobile peer-to-peer, i.e., device-to-device (D2D), communications as an underlay in the downlink (DL) cellular networks. To optimize the system sum rate over the resource sharing of both D2D and cellular modes, we introduce a reverse iterative combinatorial auction as the allocation mechanism. In the auction, all the spectrum resources are considered as a set of resource units, which as bidders compete to obtain b…
A significant technical challenge in deploying femtocells is controlling the interference from the underlay of femtos onto the overlay of macros. This paper presents a novel interference control method where the macrocell bandwidth is partitioned into subbands, and the short-range femtocell links adaptively allocate their power across the subbands based on a load-spillage power control method. The scheme can improve rate distribution in the macro network while also providing opportunities for short-range communication as well. Moreover, the proposed scheme requires minimal interference coordin…
In this paper, we optimize the energy efficiency (bits/s/Hz/J) of device-to-multi-device (D2MD) wireless communications. While the device-to-device scenario has been extensively studied to improve the spectral efficiency in cellular networks, the use of multicast communications opens the possibility of reusing the spectrum resources also inside the groups. The optimization problem is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear joint optimization for the power control and allocation of resource blocks (RBs) to each group. Our model explicitly considers resource sharing by letting co-channel transm…
Device-to-device (D2D) communications in cellular networks are promising technologies for improving network throughput, spectrum efficiency, and transmission delay. In this paper, we first introduce the concept of guard distance to explore a proper system model for enabling multiple concurrent D2D pairs in the same cell. Considering the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) requirements for both macro-cell and D2D communications, a geometrical method is proposed to obtain the guard distances from a D2D user equipment (DUE) to the base station (BS), to the transmitting cellular user equipment (CUE…
Next generation cellular networks will consist of multiple tiers of cells and users associated with different network tiers may have different priorities (e.g., macrocell-picocell-femtocell networks with macro tier prioritized over pico tier, which is again prioritized over femto tier). Designing efficient joint power and admission control (JPAC) algorithms for such networks under a co-channel deployment (i.e., underlay) scenario is of significant importance. Feasibility checking of a given target signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) vector is generally the most significant contribut…
Device-to-device (D2D) communications have recently emerged as a novel transmission paradigm in wireless cellular networks. D2D transmissions take place concurrently with the usual cellular connections, and thus, controlling the interference brought to the macro-cellular user equipment (UE) is of vital importance. In this paper, we consider the uplink transmission of a tier of D2D users that operates as an underlay for the traditional cellular network. Using network model based on stochastic geometry, we derive the equilibrium cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the D2D transmit power. C…
Despite the numerous benefits brought by Device-to-Device (D2D) communications, the introduction of D2D into cellular networks poses many new challenges in the resource allocation design due to the co-channel interference caused by spectrum reuse and limited battery life of User Equipments (UEs). Most of the previous studies mainly focus on how to maximize the Spectral Efficiency (SE) and ignore the energy consumption of UEs. In this paper, we study how to maximize each UE's Energy Efficiency (EE) in an interference-limited environment subject to its specific Quality of Service (QoS) and maxim…
The Device-to-Device (D2D) communication principle is a key enabler of direct localized communication between mobile nodes and is expected to propel a plethora of novel multimedia services. However, even though it offers a wide set of capabilities mainly due to the proximity and resource reuse gains, interference must be carefully controlled to maximize the achievable rate for coexisting cellular and D2D users. The scope of this work is to provide an interference-aware real-time resource allocation (RA) framework for relay-aided D2D communications that underlay cellular networks. The main obje…
Exploiting cognition to the cache-enabled device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying the multi-channel cellular network is the main focus of this paper. D2D pairs perform direct communications via sensing the available cellular channels, bypassing the base station (BS). Dynamic service is considered and the network performance is evaluated with the stochastic geometry. Node locations are first modeled as mutually independent Poisson Point Processes, and the service queueing process is formulated. Then the corresponding tier association and cognitive access protocol are developed. The del…
The mounting content sharing among users has resulted in a considerable rise in wireless data traffic, pressurizing the cellular networks to undergo a suitable upheaval. A competent technology of the fifth-generation networks (5G) for efficiently supporting proximity-based applications is Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, underlaying cellular networks. Significant advances have been made till date, for allocating resources to D2D users in cellular networks, such that sharing of spectral resources between cellular and D2D users is carried out in a coordinated manner. In this paper, a sector…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks allows mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets to use the licensed spectrum allocated to cellular services for direct peer-to-peer transmission. D2D communication can use either one-hop transmission (i.e., in D2D direct communication) or multi-hop cluster-based transmission (i.e., in D2D local area networks). The D2D devices can compete or cooperate with each other to reuse the radio resources in D2D networks. Therefore, resource allocation and access for D2D communication can be treated as games. The theories behind the…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication enables us to spread information in the local area without infrastructure support. In this paper, we focus on information spreading in mobile wireless networks where all nodes move around. The source nodes deliver a given information packet to mobile users using D2D communication as an underlay to the cellular uplink. By stochastic geometry, we derive the average number of nodes that have successfully received a given information packet as a function of the transmission power and the number of transmissions. Based on these results, we formulate a redundancy…
In an attempt to utilize spectrum resources more efficiently, protocols sharing licensed spectrum with unlicensed users are receiving increased attention. From the perspective of cellular networks, spectrum underutilization makes spatial reuse a feasible complement to existing standards. Interference management is a major component in designing these schemes as it is critical that licensed users maintain their expected quality of service. We develop a distributed dynamic spectrum protocol in which ad-hoc device-to-device users opportunistically access the spectrum actively in use by cellular u…
The concept of device-to-Device (D2D) communication as an underlay coexistence with cellular networks gains many advantages of improving system performance. In this paper, we model such a two-layer heterogenous network based on stochastic geometry approach. We aim at minimizing the expected power consumption of the D2D layer while satisfying the outage performance of both D2D layer and cellular layer. We consider two kinds of power control schemes. The first one is referred as to independent power control where the transmit powers are statistically independent of the networks and all channel c…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular wireless networks is a promising concept to improve user experience and resource utilization by allowing direct transmission between two cellular devices. In this paper, performance of network-assisted D2D communication is investigated where D2D traffic is carried through relay nodes. Considering a multi-user and multi-relay network, we propose a distributed solution for resource allocation with a view to maximizing network sum-rate. An optimization problem is formulated for radio resource allocation at the relays. The objective is to m…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication has been recognized as a promising technique to improve spectrum efficiency. However, D2D transmission as an underlay causes severe interference, which imposes a technical challenge to spectrum allocation. Existing centralized schemes require global information, which can cause serious signaling overhead. While existing distributed solution requires frequent information exchange between users and cannot achieve global optimization. In this paper, a distributed spectrum allocation framework based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning is proposed, named …
Wireless device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular network is a promising concept to improve user experience and resource utilization. Unlike traditional D2D communication where two mobile devices in the proximity establish a direct local link bypassing the base station, in this work we focus on relay-aided D2D communication. Relay-aided transmission could enhance the performance of D2D communication when D2D user equipments (UEs) are far apart from each other and/or the quality of D2D link is not good enough for direct communication. Considering the uncertainties in wireless l…
With the increase in mobile traffic and the bandwidth demand, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication underlaying Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks has gained tremendous interest by the researchers, cellular operators and equipment manufacturers. However, the application of D2D communication has been limited to emergency services and it needs to be explored in commercial applications. In this paper, we have introduced a novel commercial D2D offloading scheme for users who may be at cell edges, inside isolated environments like basement or large buildings, etc. Our proposed scheme discovers the a…
Wireless cellular networks feature two emerging technological trends. The first is the direct Device-to-Device (D2D) communications, which enables direct links between the wireless devices that reutilize the cellular spectrum and radio interface. The second is that of Machine-Type Communications (MTC), where the objective is to attach a large number of low-rate low-power devices, termed Machine-Type Devices (MTDs) to the cellular network. MTDs pose new challenges to the cellular network, one if which is that the low transmission power can lead to outage problems for the cell-edge devices. Anot…
Underlaying the cellular networks, Device to Device (D2D) communication brings the possibility to significantly improve the spectral efficiency in cellular networks and offload the traffic relayed by the base station. However, it creates new challenge for interference management as well. In this paper, we consider the multi-cell D2D underlaid cellular network in which many D2D links reuse the uplink resource simultaneously. The infeasibility of interference cancellation/alignment motivates us to force the D2D users near the base stations to work in cellular mode. Based on that, we present a di…
The 5G cellular wireless systems will have a multi-tier architecture consisting of macrocells, different types of licensed small cells and D2D networks to serve users with different quality-of-service (QoS) requirements in a spectrum efficient manner. Distributed resource allocation and interference management is one of the fundamental research challenges for such multi-tier heterogeneous networks. In this chapter, we consider the radio resource allocation problem in a multi-tier orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based cellular (e.g., 5G LTE-A) network. In particular, we pr…
Beamforming is an essential requirement to combat high pathloss and to improve signal-to-noise ratio during initial cell discovery in future millimeter wave cellular networks. The choice of an appropriate beamforming is directly coupled with its energy consumption. The energy consumption is even of more concern at a battery limited mobile station (MS). In this work, we provide an energy consumption based comparison of different beamforming schemes while considering both a low power and a high power analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for a millimeter wave based receiver at the MS. We analyze bot…
Mobile devices have been shipped with multiple wireless network interfaces in order to meet their diverse communication and networking demands. In this paper, we propose an A-GPS assisted scheme that discovers the nearest Wi-Fi network access points (APs) by using user's location information. This allows the user to switch to the Wi-Fi interface in an intelligent manner when she/he arrives at the nearest Wi-Fi network AP. Therefore, it avoids the long periods in idle state and greatly reduces the number of unnecessary Wi-Fi scans on the mobile device. The experimental results demonstrate that …
In this paper, we consider context-awareness to enhance route reliability and robustness in multi-hop cognitive networks. A novel context-aware route discovery protocol is presented to enable secondary users to select the route according to their QoS requirements. The protocol facilitates adjacent relay selection under different criteria, such as shortest available path, route reliability and relay reputation. New routing and security-based metrics are defined to measure route robustness in spatial, frequency and temporal domains. Secure throughput, defined as the percentage of traffic not bei…
A constant need to increase the network capacity for meeting the growing demands of the subscribers has led to the evolution of cellular communication networks from the first generation (1G) to the fifth generation (5G). There will be billions of connected devices in the near future. Such a large number of connections are expected to be heterogeneous in nature, demanding higher data rates, lesser delays, enhanced system capacity and superior throughput. The available spectrum resources are limited and need to be flexibly used by the mobile network operators (MNOs) to cope with the rising deman…
Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, which enables direct communication between nearby mobile devices, is an attractive add-on component to improve spectrum efficiency and user experience by reusing licensed cellular spectrum in 5G system. In this paper, we propose to enable D2D communication in unlicensed spectrum (D2D-U) as an underlay of the uplink LTE network for further booming the network capacity. A sensing-based protocol is designed to support the unlicensed channel access for both LTE and D2D users. We further investigate the subchannel allocation problem to maximize the sum rate of …
Proximity based applications are becoming fast growing markets suggesting that Device-to-Device (D2D) communications is becoming an essential part of future mobile data networks. We propose scalable admission and power control methods for D2D communications underlay cellular networks to increase the reuse of frequency resources and thus network capacity while maintaining QoS to all users. The aim of the proposed methods is to maximize the number of D2D links under QoS constraints, therefore maximizing network frequency reuse, while considering different levels of complexity and available chann…
It is now feasible to host Web Services on a mobile device due to the advances in cellular devices and mobile communication technologies. However, the reliability, usability and responsiveness of the Mobile Hosts depend on various factors including the characteristics of available network, computational resources, and better means of searching the services provided by them. P2P enhances the adoption of Mobile Host in commercial environments. Mobile Hosts in P2P can collaboratively share the resources of individual peers. P2P also enhances the service discovery of huge number of Web Services po…
The exponential rise in mobile traffic originating from mobile devices highlights the need for making mobility management in future networks even more efficient and seamless than ever before. Ultra-Dense Cellular Network vision consisting of cells of varying sizes with conventional and mmWave bands is being perceived as the panacea for the eminent capacity crunch. However, mobility challenges in an ultra-dense heterogeneous network with motley of high frequency and mmWave band cells will be unprecedented due to plurality of handover instances, and the resulting signaling overhead and data inte…
In this paper, we present a new and significant theoretical discovery. If the absolute height difference between base station (BS) antenna and user equipment (UE) antenna is larger than zero, then the network performance in terms of both the coverage probability and the area spectral efficiency (ASE) will continuously decrease toward zero as the BS density increases for ultra-dense (UD) small cell networks (SCNs). Such findings are completely different from the conclusions in existing works, both quantitatively and qualitatively. In particular, this performance behavior has a tremendous impact…
