Device-to-Device (D2D) communication appears as a key communication paradigm to realizing the vision of Internet of Things (IoT) into reality by supporting heterogeneous objects interconnection in a large scale network. These devices may be many types of objects with embedded intelligence and communication capabilities, e.g., smart phones, cars, or home appliances. The issue in in this type of communication is the interference to cellular communication caused by D2D communication. Thus, proper power control and resource allocation should be coordinated in D2D network to prevent excessive interference and drastic decrease in the throughput of the cellular system. In this paper, we consider the problem of cross-layer resource allocation in time-varying cellular wireless networks with D2D communication and incorporate average interference to cellular system as a quality-of-service constraint. Specifically, each D2D pair in the network injects packets to its queue, at rates chosen in order to maximize a global utility function, subject to network stability and interference constraints. The interference constraint enforces an arbitrarily low interference to the cellular system caused by D2D communication. We first obtain the stability region for the multiuser systems assuming that the nodes have full channel state information (CSI) of their neighbors. Then, we provide a joint flow control and scheduling scheme, which is proven to achieve a utility arbitrarily close to the maximum achievable utility. Finally, we address the consequences of practical implementation issue such as distributed scheduling by a designing algorithm, which is capable of taking advantage of diversity gain introduced by fading channels. We demonstrate the efficacy of our policies by numerical studies under various network conditions.
A novel interference management approach is proposed for modern communication scenarios, where multiple applications and networks coexist on the same channel resource. The leading principle behind the proposed approach is that the interference level should be adapted to the content being transmitted by the data links to maximize the amount of delivered information. A network setting is considered where Device-to-Device (D2D) communications underlay a Long Term Evolution (LTE) link uploading video content to the network infrastructure. For this scenario, an optimization problem is formulated ai…
The work presented in this paper deals with the issue of massive demands for higher capacity. For that matter, we investigate the spectrum resource management in outdoor mmWave cell for the uplink of cellular and D2D communications. Indeed, we provide a first insight how to optimize the system performance in terms of achievable throughput while realizing a compromise between the large number of admitted devices and the generated interference constraint. We propose a mathematical formulation of the optimization objective which falls in the mixed integer-real optimization scheme. To overcome its…
For device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying a cellular network with uplink resource sharing, both cellular and D2D links cause significant co-channel interference. In this paper, we address the critical issue of interference management in the network considering a practical path loss model incorporating both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) transmissions. To reduce the severe interference caused by active D2D links, we consider a mode selection scheme based on the maximum received signal strength (MRSS) for each user equipment (UE) to control the D2D-to-cellular inter…
Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has been recognized as a promising technique to offload the traffic for the evolved Node B (eNB). However, the D2D transmission as an underlay causes severe interference to both the cellular and other D2D links, which imposes a great technical challenge to radio resource allocation. Conventional graph based resource allocation methods typically consider the interference between two user equipments (UEs), but they cannot model the interference from multiple UEs to completely characterize the interference. In this paper, we study channel allocation using hype…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying cellular networks is expected to bring significant benefits for utilizing resources, improving user throughput and extending battery life of user equipments. However, the allocation of radio and power resources to D2D communication needs elaborate coordination, as D2D communication can cause interference to cellular communication. In this paper, we study joint channel and power allocation to improve the energy efficiency of user equipments. To solve the problem efficiently, we introduce an iterative combinatorial auction algorithm, where the D2D…
In this paper, we consider an underlay radar-massive MIMO spectrum sharing scenario in which massive MIMO base stations (BSs) are allowed to operate outside a circular exclusion zone centered at the radar. Modeling the locations of the massive MIMO BSs as a homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP), we derive an analytical expression for a tight upper bound on the average interference at the radar due to cellular transmissions. The technical novelty is in bounding the worst-case elevation angle for each massive MIMO BS for which we devise a novel construction based on the circumradius distributi…
In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), the connectivity of secondary users (SUs) is difficult to be guaranteed due to the existence of primary users (PUs). Most prior studies only consider cognitive radio networks equipped with omni-directional antennas causing high interference at SUs. We name such CRNs with omni-directional antennas as Omn-CRNs. Compared with an omni-directional antenna, a directional antenna can concentrate the transmitting/receiving capability at a certain direction, consequently resulting in less interference. In this paper, we investigate the connectivity of SUs in CRNs wit…
The introduction of device-to-device (D2D) into cellular networks poses many new challenges in the resource allocation design due to the co-channel interference caused by spectrum reuse and limited battery life of user equipments (UEs). In this paper, we propose a distributed interference-aware energy-efficient resource allocation algorithm to maximize each UE's energy efficiency (EE) subject to its specific quality of service (QoS) and maximum transmission power constraints. We model the resource allocation problem as a noncooperative game, in which each player is self-interested and wants to…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication is being heralded as an important part of the solution to the capacity problem in future networks, and is expected to be natively supported in 5G. Given the high network complexity and required signalling overhead associated with achieving synchronization in D2D networks, it is necessary to study asynchronous D2D communications. In this paper, we consider a scenario whereby asynchronous D2D communication underlays an OFDMA macro-cell in the uplink. Motivated by the superior performance of new waveforms with increased spectral localization in the presence of…
In this work, we study underlay radar-massive MIMO cellular coexistence in LoS/near-LoS channels, where both systems have 3D beamforming capabilities. Using mathematical tools from stochastic geometry, we derive an upper bound on the average interference power at the radar due to the 3D massive MIMO cellular downlink under the worst-case `cell-edge beamforming' conditions. To overcome the technical challenges imposed by asymmetric and arbitrarily large cells, we devise a novel construction in which each Poisson Voronoi (PV) cell is bounded by its circumcircle to bound the effect of the random …
In many cognitive radio applications, there are multiple types of message queues. Existing queueing analysis works in underlay CR networks failed to discuss packets heterogeneity. Therefore high priority packets with impatient waiting time that have preemptive transmission opportunities over low class are investigated. We model the system behavior as a M/M/1+GI queue which is represented by a two dimensional state transition graph. The reneging probability of high priority packets and the average waiting time in two-class priority queues is analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that the ave…
Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is a technology component for LTE-A. The existing researches allow D2D as an underlay to the cellular network to increase the spectral efficiency. In this book, D2D communication underlaying cellular networks is studied. Some physical-layer techniques and cross-layer optimization methods on resource management and interference avoidance are proposed and discussed. WINNER II channel models is applied to be the signal and interference model and simulation results show that the performance of D2D link is closely related to the distance between D2D transmitter …
Kate Gleason College of Engineering（凯特·格里森工程学院）；Rochester Institute of Technology（罗切斯特理工学院）
Two key challenges in underlay dynamic spectrum access (DSA) are how to establish an interference limit from the primary network (PN) and how cognitive radios (CRs) in the secondary network (SN) become aware of the interference they create on the PN, especially when there is no exchange of information between the two networks. These challenges are addressed in this paper by presenting a fully autonomous and distributed underlay DSA scheme where each CR operates based on predicting its transmission effect on the PN. The scheme is based on a cognitive engine with an artificial neural network tha…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication underlay cellular networks is a promising technique to improve spectrum efficiency. In this situation, D2D transmission may cause severe interference to both the cellular and other D2D links, which imposes a great technical challenge to spectrum allocation. Existing centralized schemes require global information, which causes a large signaling overhead. While existing distributed schemes requires frequent information exchange among D2D users and cannot achieve global optimization. In this paper, a distributed spectrum allocation framework based on multi-age…
Device-to-device(D2D) underlaying communication brings great benefits to the cellular networks from the improvement of coverage and spectral efficiency at the expense of complicated transceiver design. With frequency spectrum sharing mode, the D2D user generates interference to the existing cellular networks either in downlink or uplink. Thus the resource allocation for D2D pairs should be designed properly in order to reduce possible interference, in particular for uplink. In this paper, we introduce a novel bandwidth allocation scheme to maximize the utilities of both D2D users and cellular …
Despite the numerous benefits brought by Device-to-Device (D2D) communications, the introduction of D2D into cellular networks poses many new challenges in the resource allocation design due to the co-channel interference caused by spectrum reuse and limited battery life of User Equipments (UEs). Most of the previous studies mainly focus on how to maximize the Spectral Efficiency (SE) and ignore the energy consumption of UEs. In this paper, we study how to maximize each UE's Energy Efficiency (EE) in an interference-limited environment subject to its specific Quality of Service (QoS) and maxim…
In this paper, we present a framework for resource allocations for multicast device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying a cellular network. The objective is to maximize the sum throughput of active cellular users (CUs) and feasible D2D groups in a cell, while meeting a certain signal-to-interferenceplus- noise ratio (SINR) constraint for both the CUs and D2D groups. We formulate the problem of power and channel allocation as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem where one D2D group can reuse the channels of multiple CUs and the channel of each CU can be reused by multipl…
This paper investigates power control and relay selection in Full Duplex Cognitive Relay Networks (FDCRNs), where the secondary-user (SU) relays can simultaneously receive data from the SU source and forward them to the SU destination. We study both non-coherent and coherent scenarios. In the non-coherent case, the SU relay forwards the signal from the SU source without regulating the phase; while in the coherent scenario, the SU relay regulates the phase when forwarding the signal to minimize the interference at the primary-user (PU) receiver. We consider the problem of maximizing the transmi…
The utility of smartphones has been limited to a great extent by their short battery life. In this work, we propose a new approach to prolonging smartphone battery life. We introduce the notions of "valueless" and "valued battery", as being the available battery when the user does or does not have access to a power source, respectively. We propose a cooperative system where users with high battery level help carry the traffic of users with low battery level. Our scheme helps increase the amount of valued battery in the network, thus it reduces the chance of users running out of battery early. …
A significant technical challenge in deploying femtocells is controlling the interference from the underlay of femtos onto the overlay of macros. This paper presents a novel interference control method where the macrocell bandwidth is partitioned into subbands, and the short-range femtocell links adaptively allocate their power across the subbands based on a load-spillage power control method. The scheme can improve rate distribution in the macro network while also providing opportunities for short-range communication as well. Moreover, the proposed scheme requires minimal interference coordin…
Multicasting for disseminating popular data is an interesting solution for improving the energy and spectral efficiencies of cellular networks. To improve the achievable performance of such networks, underlay device-to-device (D2D) multicast communication offers a practical solution. However, despite significant potential for providing higher throughput and lower delay, implementing underlay D2D multicast communication poses several challenges, such as mutual interference among cellular users (CUs) and D2D multicast groups (MGs), and overhead signaling to provide channel state information, tha…
To use the spectrum efficiently, cognitive radios leverage knowledge of the channel state information (CSI) to optimize the performance of the secondary users (SUs) while limiting the interference to the primary users (PUs). The algorithms in this paper are designed to maximize the weighted ergodic sum-capacity of SUs, which transmit orthogonally and adhere simultaneously to constraints limiting: i) the long-term (ergodic) capacity loss caused to each PU receiver; ii) the long-term interference power at each PU receiver; and iii) the long-term power at each SU transmitter. Formulations account…
This paper studies the stability and dynamic control of underlay mobile edge networks. First, the stability region for a multiuser edge network is obtained under the assumption of full channel state information. This result provides a benchmark figure for comparing performance of the proposed algorithms. Second, a centralized joint flow control and scheduling algorithm is proposed to stabilize the queues of edge devices while respecting the average and instantaneous interference power constraints at the core access point. This algorithm is proven to converge to a utility point arbitrarily clos…
Underlay device-to-device (D2D) multicast communication has potential to improve performance of cellular networks. However, co-channel interference among cellular users (CUs) and D2D multicast groups (MGs) limits the gains of such communication. Allowing the CUs to have exclusion zones around them where no receiver of any MG can exist, is a realistic and pragmatic approach to reduce the co-channel interference of cellular transmission on D2D multicast reception. We use a stochastic geometry based approach to model this scenario. Specifically, we model the locations of CUs and D2D MG receivers …
Device-to-device (D2D) communications as an underlay of a LTE-A (4G) network can reduce the traffic load as well as power consumption in cellular networks by way of utilizing peer-to-peer links for users in proximity of each other. This would enable other cellular users to increment their traffic, and the aggregate traffic for all users can be significantly increased without requiring additional spectrum. However, D2D communications may increase interference to cellular users (CUs) and force CUs to increase their transmit power levels in order to maintain their required quality-of-service (QoS…
In the state-of-the-art interference management schemes for underlay CRNs, it is considered that all PUs are protected if the cognitive interference for each primary receiving-point is lower than a maximum threshold, the so called interference temperature limit (ITL) for the corresponding receiving-point. This is assumed to be fixed and independent of ITL values for other primary receiving-points, which corresponds to a box-like FCIR. In this paper, we characterize the FCIR for {\em uplink} transmissions in cellular CRNs and for direct transmissions in ad-hoc CRNs. We show that the FCIR is in …
Adversaries can exploit inter-domain routing vulnerabilities to intercept communication and compromise the security of critical Internet applications. Meanwhile the deployment of secure routing solutions such as Border Gateway Protocol Security (BGPsec) and Scalability, Control and Isolation On Next-generation networks (SCION) are still limited. How can we leverage emerging secure routing backbones and extend their security properties to the broader Internet? We design and deploy an architecture to bootstrap secure routing. Our key insight is to abstract the secure routing backbone as a virtua…
The small cells in millimeter wave (mmWave) have been utilized extensively for the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks. And full-duplex (FD) communications become possible with the development of self-interference (SI) cancellation technology. In this paper, we focus on the optimal allocation of the sub-channels in the small cells deployed densely underlying the mmWave networks. In order to improve the resource utilization and network capacity, device-to-device (D2D) communications are adopted in networks. For maximizing the system throughput, we propose a cooperative sub-channel allocation …
This paper considers an underlay pulsed radar-cellular spectrum sharing scenario, where the cellular system uses pilot-aided demodulation, statistical channel state information (S-CSI) estimation and limited feedback schemes. Under a realistic system model, upper and lower bounds are derived on the probability that at least a specified number of pilot signals are interfered by a radar pulse train in a finite CSI estimation window. Exact probabilities are also derived for important special cases which reveal operational regimes where the lower bound is achieved. Using these results, this paper …
In this paper, we investigate the performance of a dual-hop block fading cognitive radio network with underlay spectrum sharing over independent but not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) Nakagami-$m$ fading channels. The primary network consists of a source and a destination. Depending on whether the secondary network which consists of two source nodes have a single relay for cooperation or multiple relays thereby employs opportunistic relay selection for cooperation and whether the two source nodes suffer from the primary users' (PU) interference, two cases are considered in this…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication in cellular networks allows direct transmission between two cellular devices with local communication needs. Due to the increasing number of autonomous heterogeneous devices in future mobile networks, an efficient resource allocation scheme is required to maximize network throughput and achieve higher spectral efficiency. In this paper, performance of network-integrated D2D communication under channel uncertainties is investigated where D2D traffic is carried through relay nodes. Considering a multi-user and multi-relay network, we propose a robust distribu…
The basic idea of device-to-device (D2D) communication is that pairs of suitably selected wireless devices reuse the cellular spectrum to establish direct communication links, provided that the adverse effects of D2D communication on cellular users is minimized and cellular users are given a higher priority in using limited wireless resources. Despite its great potential in terms of coverage and capacity performance, implementing this new concept poses some challenges, in particular with respect to radio resource management. The main challenges arise from a strong need for distributed D2D solu…
The Device-to-Device (D2D) communication principle is a key enabler of direct localized communication between mobile nodes and is expected to propel a plethora of novel multimedia services. However, even though it offers a wide set of capabilities mainly due to the proximity and resource reuse gains, interference must be carefully controlled to maximize the achievable rate for coexisting cellular and D2D users. The scope of this work is to provide an interference-aware real-time resource allocation (RA) framework for relay-aided D2D communications that underlay cellular networks. The main obje…
University of Klagenfurt（克拉根福大学）；Silicon Austria Labs GmbH（Silicon Austria Labs 有限公司）
This article proposes and evaluates a technique to predict the level of interference in wireless networks. We design a recursive predictor that estimates future interference values by filtering measured interference at a given location. The predictor's parameterization is done offline by translating the autocorrelation of interference into an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) representation. This ARMA model is inserted into a steady-state Kalman filter enabling nodes to predict with low computational effort. Results show a good accuracy of predicted values versus true values for relevant ti…
Considering both non-line-of-sight (NLoS) and line-of-sight (LoS) transmissions, the transitional behaviors from noise-limited regime to dense interference-limited regime have been investigated for the fifth generation (5G) small cell networks (SCNs). Besides, we identify four performance regimes based on base station (BS) density, i.e., (i) the noise-limited regime, (ii) the signal-dominated regime, (iii) the interference-dominated regime, and (iv) the interference-limited regime. To characterize the performance regime, we propose a unified framework analyzing the future 5G wireless networks …
Device-to-device (D2D) communications have recently emerged as a novel transmission paradigm in wireless cellular networks. D2D transmissions take place concurrently with the usual cellular connections, and thus, controlling the interference brought to the macro-cellular user equipment (UE) is of vital importance. In this paper, we consider the uplink transmission of a tier of D2D users that operates as an underlay for the traditional cellular network. Using network model based on stochastic geometry, we derive the equilibrium cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the D2D transmit power. C…
Device-to-device (D2D) communication has been recognized as a promising technique to improve spectrum efficiency. However, D2D transmission as an underlay causes severe interference, which imposes a technical challenge to spectrum allocation. Existing centralized schemes require global information, which can cause serious signaling overhead. While existing distributed solution requires frequent information exchange between users and cannot achieve global optimization. In this paper, a distributed spectrum allocation framework based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning is proposed, named …
Various system tasks like interference coordination, handover decisions, admission control etc. in current cellular networks require precise mid-term (spanning over a few seconds) performance models. Due to channel-dependent scheduling at the base station, these performance models are not simple to obtain. Furthermore, LTE cellular systems are interference-limited, hence, the way interference is modelled is crucial for the accuracy. In this paper we present a closed-form analytical performance model for proportional fair scheduling in OFDMA/LTE networks. The model takes into account a precise …
Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, which enables direct communication between nearby mobile devices, is an attractive add-on component to improve spectrum efficiency and user experience by reusing licensed cellular spectrum in 5G system. In this paper, we propose to enable D2D communication in unlicensed spectrum (D2D-U) as an underlay of the uplink LTE network for further booming the network capacity. A sensing-based protocol is designed to support the unlicensed channel access for both LTE and D2D users. We further investigate the subchannel allocation problem to maximize the sum rate of …
In this work, the performance of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided communication systems corrupted by the co-channel interference (CCI) at the destination is investigated. Assuming Rayleigh fading and equal-power CCI, we present the analysis for the outage probability (OP), average bit error rate (BER), and ergodic capacity. In addition, an asymptotic outage analysis is carried in order to obtain further insights. Our analysis shows that the number of reflecting elements as well as the number of interferers have a great impact on the overall system performance.
In millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems, narrow beam operations overcome severe channel attenuations, reduce multiuser interference, and thus introduce the new concept of noise-limited mmWave wireless networks. The regime of the network, whether noise-limited or interference-limited, heavily reflects on the medium access control (MAC) layer throughput and on proper resource allocation and interference management strategies. Yet, alternating presence of these regimes and, more importantly, their dependence on the mmWave design parameters are ignored in the current approaches to mmWave…
Proximity based applications are becoming fast growing markets suggesting that Device-to-Device (D2D) communications is becoming an essential part of future mobile data networks. We propose scalable admission and power control methods for D2D communications underlay cellular networks to increase the reuse of frequency resources and thus network capacity while maintaining QoS to all users. The aim of the proposed methods is to maximize the number of D2D links under QoS constraints, therefore maximizing network frequency reuse, while considering different levels of complexity and available chann…
The tremendous capacity gains promised by space division multiple access (SDMA) depend critically on the accuracy of the transmit channel state information. In the broadcast channel, even without any network interference, it is known that such gains collapse due to interstream interference if the feedback is delayed or low rate. In this paper, we investigate SDMA in the presence of interference from many other simultaneously active transmitters distributed randomly over the network. In particular we consider zero-forcing beamforming in a decentralized (ad hoc) network where each receiver provi…
We study wireless ad hoc networks in the absence of any channel contention or transmit power control and ask how antenna directivity affects network connectivity in the interference limited regime. We answer this question by deriving closed-form expressions for the outage probability, capacity and mean node degree of the network using tools from stochastic geometry. These novel results provide valuable insights for the design of future ad hoc networks. Significantly, our results suggest that the more directional the interfering transmitters are, the less detrimental are the effects of interfer…
Next generation cellular networks will consist of multiple tiers of cells and users associated with different network tiers may have different priorities (e.g., macrocell-picocell-femtocell networks with macro tier prioritized over pico tier, which is again prioritized over femto tier). Designing efficient joint power and admission control (JPAC) algorithms for such networks under a co-channel deployment (i.e., underlay) scenario is of significant importance. Feasibility checking of a given target signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) vector is generally the most significant contribut…
Wireless networks are fundamentally limited by the intensity of the received signals and by their inherent interference. It is shown here that in finite ad hoc networks where node placement is modelled according to a Poisson point process and no carrier sensing is employed for medium access, the SINR received by nodes located at the border of the network deployment/operation region is on average greater than the rest. This is primarily due to the uneven interference landscape of such networks which is particularly kind to border nodes giving rise to all sorts of performance inhomogeneities and…
Underlaying the cellular networks, Device to Device (D2D) communication brings the possibility to significantly improve the spectral efficiency in cellular networks and offload the traffic relayed by the base station. However, it creates new challenge for interference management as well. In this paper, we consider the multi-cell D2D underlaid cellular network in which many D2D links reuse the uplink resource simultaneously. The infeasibility of interference cancellation/alignment motivates us to force the D2D users near the base stations to work in cellular mode. Based on that, we present a di…
One limiting factor to the performance of mobile ad-hoc networks is the amount of interference that is experienced by each node. In this paper we use the Random Waypoint Mobility Model (RWPM) to represent such a network of mobile devices, and show that the connectivity of a receiver at different parts of the network domain varies significantly. This is a result of a large portion of the nodes in the RWPM being located near the centre of the domain resulting in increased levels of interference between neighbouring devices. A non-trivial trade-off therefore exists between the spatial intensity o…
