Primordial black holes (PBH) could account for variety of phenomena like dark matter, reionization of the Universe, early quasars, coalescence of black holes registered through gravitational waves recently. Each phenomenon relates to PBH of a specific mass range. PBH mass spectra varies in a wide range depending on specific model. Earlier we have shown that PBH with monochromatic mass distribution around $5\times 10^{16}$ g value allow to re-ionize the Universe moderately. Here we show that reionization effect and contribution to dark matter can be simultaneously enhanced with more natural extended mass distribution in the range around the same mass value.
We derive astroparticle constraints in different dark matter scenarios alternative to cold dark matter (CDM): thermal relic warm dark matter, WDM; fuzzy dark matter, $ψ$DM; self-interacting dark matter, SIDM; sterile neutrino dark matter, $ν$DM. Our framework is based on updated determinations of the high-redshift UV luminosity functions for primordial galaxies out to redshift $z\sim 10$, on redshift-dependent halo mass functions in the above DM scenarios from numerical simulations, and on robust constraints on the reionization history of the Universe from recent astrophysical and cosmological…
Reionization, UV Luminosity and 21$\,$cm Sensitivity to Primordial Magnetic Fields: Impact of Energy Losses
Université Libre de Bruxelles（布鲁塞尔自由大学）；Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯科学院核物理研究所）；Vrije Universiteit Brussel（布鲁塞尔自由大学）
The search for primordial gravitational waves through the $B$-mode polarization pattern in the CMB is one of the major goals of current and future CMB experiments. Besides foregrounds, a potential hurdle in this search is the anisotropic secondary $B$-mode polarization generated by the scattering of CMB photons off free electrons produced during patchy cosmological reionization. Robust predictions of these secondary anisotropies are challenging because of uncertainties in the reionization history. In this paper, we revise estimates of the reionization-induced $B$-mode signal by incorporating r…
The large-scale CMB B-mode polarization is the direct probe to the low frequency primordial gravitational wave signal. However, unambiguous measurement of this signal requires a precise understanding of the possible contamination. One such potential contamination arises from the patchiness in the spatial distribution of free electrons during the epoch of reionization. We estimate the B-mode power spectrum due to patchy reionization using a combination of \emph{photon-conserving} semi-numerical simulation and analytical calculation, and compare its amplitude with the primordial B-mode signal. F…
In the most distant reaches of the Universe, the 21-cm hyperfine transition in neutral hydrogen provides one of the only available tracers of large-scale structure. A number of instruments have been working and planned to measure the 21-cm line signals, and in particular, Experiment to Detect the Global EoR Signature (EDGES) recently has reported the first detection of an absorption signal, which corresponds to the 21-cm line global signal at the epoch of reionization (EoR). The future large radio telescope, Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be able to deliver the high-precision measurement of…
Boosting the optical depth to Thomson scattering with primordial black hole evaporation at high redshift
University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校）；Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM)（蒙彼利埃宇宙与粒子实验室）；Sorbonne Universitè, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris（巴黎天文物理研究所）
Dark matter annihilation can have a strong impact on many astrophysical processes in the Universe. In the case of Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation cross sections, the annihilation rates are enhanced at late times, thus enhancing the potential annihilation signatures. We here calculate the Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation signatures during the epoch of helium reionization, the epoch where helium becomes fully ionized due to energetic photons. When considering the upper limits on the energy injection from the CMB, we find that the resulting abundance of He$^{++}$ becomes independent of the dark …
We present a new semi-analytic model of the formation of the first stars. Our method takes dark matter halo merger trees (including 3-dimensional spatial information) from cosmological N-body simulations as input and applies analytic prescriptions to compute both the Population III (Pop III) and metal-enriched star formation histories. We have developed a novel method to accurately compute the major feedback processes affecting Pop III star formation: H$_2$ photodissociation from Lyman-Werner (LW) radiation, suppression of star formation due to inhomogeneous reionization, and metal enrichment …
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交大李政道研究所与物理与天文学院）；Università degli Studi di Salerno（萨莱诺大学）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare - Gruppo Collegato di Salerno - Sezione di Napoli（意大利国家核物理研究所 - 萨莱诺协作组 - 那不勒斯分部）
Inhomogeneous reionization enhances the 1D Lyman-$α$ forest power spectrum on large scales at redshifts $z\geq4$. This is due to coherent fluctuations in the ionized hydrogen fraction that arise from large-scale variations in the post-reionization gas temperature, which fade as the gas cools. It is therefore possible to use these relic fluctuations to constrain inhomogeneous reionization with the power spectrum at wavenumbers $\log_{10}(k/{\rm km^{-1}\,s})\lesssim -1.5$. We use the Sherwood-Relics suite of hybrid radiation hydrodynamical simulations to perform a first analysis of new Lyman-$α$…
We consider the prospects of probing features in the primordial power spectrum with future Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization measurements. In the scope of the inflationary scenario, such features in the spectrum can be produced by local non-smooth pieces in an inflaton potential (smooth and quasi-flat in general) which in turn may originate from fast phase transitions during inflation in other quantum fields interacting with the inflaton. They can fit some outliers in the CMB temperature power spectrum which are unaddressed within the standard inflationary ${\mathrmΛ}$CDM model. W…
We present the first results from SPHINX-MHD, a suite of cosmological radiation-magnetohydrodynamics simulations designed to study the impact of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on galaxy formation and the evolution of the intergalactic medium during the epoch of reionization. The simulations are among the first to employ multi-frequency, on-the-fly radiation transfer and constrained transport ideal MHD in a cosmological context to simultaneously model the inhomogeneous process of reionization as well as the growth of PMFs. We run a series of $(5\,\text{cMpc})^3$ cosmological volumes, varying…
Constraint on the abundance of primordial black holes in dark matter from Planck data
我们使用2015年公布的普朗克数据，在两种不同的再电离模型（一种是瞬时再电离，另一种是不对称再电离）下约束暗物质中的原生黑洞（PBH）丰度，并将WMAP 3年数据中PBH丰度的上限显著提高了两个数量级左右。此外，这些新的限值意味着在$95\%$置信水平（C.L.）下，PBH二进制合并的事件率（Gpc $^{-3}$ yr $^{-1}$）小于$M_\text{pbh}=30M_\odot$的$0.002$、$M_\text{pbh}=10M_\odot$的$5$和$M_\text{pbh}=2M_\odot$的$2000$，因此，GW150914似乎不太可能是由PBH双星合并产生的。
We consider cosmic string cusp annihilations as a possible source of enhancement to the global background radiation temperature in $21$-cm photons at reionization. A soft photon spectrum is induced via the Bremsstrahlung and Synchrotron emission of electrons borne out of QCD jets formed off the cusp. The maximal energy density background comes from synchrotron induced photons with a string tension of $Gμ\sim 10^{-18}$. In this instance, the radiation background at reionization is heated up by $5\cdot 10^{-3} \,\, K$. We find that the depth of the absorption trough ($δT_b$) in $21$-cm at reioni…
Probing power spectrum enhancement at small scales with the SKA
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）
We propose a new method to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ using the circular polarization of the 21 cm radiation from the pre-reionization epoch. Our method relies on the splitting of the $F = 1$ hyperfine level of neutral hydrogen due to the quadrupole moment of the CMB. We show that unlike the Zeeman effect, where $M_{F}=\pm 1$ have opposite energy shifts, the CMB quadrupole shifts $M_{F}=\pm 1$ together relative to $M_{F}= 0$. This splitting leads to a small circular polarization of the emitted 21 cm radiation. In this paper (Paper I in a series on this effect), we present calculati…
Primordial Black Holes could be an important component of the dark matter in the Universe. If they exist, they would add a Poisson component to the matter power spectrum. The extra power would speed up the emergence of dark matter halos that seed the formation of first stars and galaxies. Kashlinsky (2021) suggested that the additional velocity fluctuations would accelerate the infall of baryons onto the dark matter potential wells. We analyze the effect of Primordial Black Holes on the baryon infall from recombination to reionization and find the correction to be a few percent of the power su…
Testing primordial non-Gaussianities on galactic scales at high redshift
原始非高斯性提供了暴胀模型的一个重要检验。虽然普朗克宇宙微波背景实验对星系团尺度上的非高斯性产生了很强的限制，但在星系尺度上仍有相当大的非高斯性空间。我们已经测试了本地的非高斯高红移星系人口的影响，运行5个宇宙学N体模拟到z=6.5。对于这些模拟，我们采用相同的初始相位，以及高斯或尺度相关的非高斯原始波动，所有这些都与普朗克对集群尺度的约束一致。然后，我们使用Behroozi et al.（2013）的晕-恒星质量经验关系为每个晕分配恒星质量。我们的模拟与非高斯初始条件产生晕质量函数，显示出明显的偏离从类似的模拟与高斯初始条件在z>~10。我们观察到一个>0.3 dex的增强低端的晕质量函数，这导致了类似的影响星系恒星质量函数，这应该是测试未来的星系调查在z>10。由于宇宙再电离被认为是由高红移的矮星系驱动的，我们的发现可能对宇宙的再电离历史有影响。
Measurements of the post-reionization 21-cm bispectrum $B_{\rm HI}(\mathbf{k_1},\mathbf{k_2},\mathbf{k_3})$ using various upcoming intensity mapping experiments hold the potential for determining the cosmological parameters at a high level of precision. In this paper we have estimated the 21-cm bispectrum in the $z$ range $1 \le z \le 6$ using semi-numerical simulations of the neutral hydrogen (${\rm HI}$) distribution. We determine the $k$ and $z$ range where the 21-cm bispectrum can be adequately modelled using the predictions of second order perturbation theory, and we use this to predict t…
21-cm radio signal has emerged as an important probe in investigating the dark age of the Universe (recombination to reionization). In the current analysis, we explore the combined effects of primordial black holes (PBH), cooling off of the baryonic matter due to dark matter (DM) - baryon collisions and interaction of dark matter - dark energy (DE) fluid on the 21-cm brightness temperature. The variation of brightness temperature shows remarkable dependence on DM mass ($m_χ$) and the dark matter - baryon scattering cross-section ($σ_0$). Bounds in $m_χ$ - $σ_0$ parameter space are obtained for…
The formation of primordial black holes is studied using superconformal inflationary $α$-attractors. An inflaton potential is constructed with a plateau-like region which brings about the onset of an ultra slow-roll region where the required enhancement in the curvature power spectrum takes place. This is accomplished by carefully fine-tuning the parameters in the potential. For the parameter sets, the amount of observable inflation is such that the curvature perturbation $\mathcal{P}_{\mathcal{R}}$ peaks at $\sim 10^{14}\text{Mpc}^{-1}$, producing PBHs in the mass window $10^{16}\text{g}\leq …
