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arXiv 1702.02108physics.flu-dyn
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风力机的一类新的作动器表面模型

A new class of actuator surface models for wind turbines

Xiaolei Yang, Fotis Sotiropoulos

摘要:

在风力机的仿真中,执行器线模型得到了广泛的应用。然而,标准致动器线模型不包括涡轮机机舱模型,该模型可显著影响涡轮机尾流特性,如文献所示。标准致动器线模型的另一个缺点是涡轮叶片的更多几何特征不能在更精细的网格上解析。为了减轻标准模型的这些缺点,我们开发了一类新的致动器表面模型的涡轮叶片和机舱,以考虑更多的涡轮叶片的几何细节,包括涡轮机舱的影响。在叶片作动器表面模型中,采用叶素法计算的气动力分布在不同径向位置的翼弦形成的表面上。在发动机舱的作动器表面模型中,力是从实际发动机舱表面分布的,法向力分量的计算方法与直接强迫浸没边界法相同,切向力分量的计算方法使用摩擦系数和来流的参考速度。通过对周期性布置短舱绕流的数值模拟,对短舱作动器表面模型进行了评价。同时进行了作动器表面模拟和壁面分辨大涡模拟。比较表明,致动器表面模型是能够得到可接受的结果,特别是在一个非常粗糙的网格上的远尾流位置。值得注意的是,虽然该模型用于本工作中的涡轮机短舱,但它也适用于其他非流线体。通过模拟MEXICO(受控条件下的模型实验)涡轮机和水力涡轮机的流动,评估了执行器表面模型预测涡轮机尾流的能力。

英文摘要:

Actuator line model has been widely employed in wind turbine simulations. However, the standard actuator line model does not include a model for the turbine nacelle which can significantly impact turbine wake characteristics as shown in the literature. Another disadvantage of the standard actuator line model is that more geometrical features of turbine blades cannot be resolved on a finer mesh. To alleviate these disadvantages of the standard model, we develop a new class of actuator surface models for turbine blades and nacelle to take into account more geometrical details of turbine blades and include the effect of turbine nacelle. In the actuator surface model for blade, the aerodynamic forces calculated using the blade element method are distributed from the surface formed by the foil chords at different radial locations. In the actuator surface model for nacelle, the forces are distributed from the actual nacelle surface with the normal force component computed in the same way as in the direct forcing immersed boundary method and the tangential force component computed using a friction coefficient and a reference velocity of the incoming flow. The actuator surface model for nacelle is evaluated by simulating the flow over periodically placed nacelles. Both the actuator surface simulation and the wall-resolved large-eddy simulation are carried out. The comparison shows that the actuator surface model is able to give acceptable results especially at far wake locations on a very coarse mesh. It is noted that although this model is employed for the turbine nacelle in this work, it is also applicable to other bluff bodies. The capability of the actuator surface model in predicting turbine wakes is assessed by simulating the flow over the MEXICO (Model experiments in Controlled Conditions) turbine and a hydrokinetic turbine.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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