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arXiv 1701.08461astro-ph.IMcond-mat.supr-con
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对100 GHz以下频率敏感的高品质因数掺锰铝集总元件动态电感探测器

High quality factor manganese-doped aluminum lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors sensitive to frequencies below 100 GHz

G. Jones, B. R. Johnson, M. H. Abitbol, P. A. R. Ade, S. Bryan, H. -M. Cho, P. Day, D. Flanigan, K. D. Irwin, D. Li, P. Mauskopf, H. McCarrick, A. Miller, Y. R. Song, C. Tucker

摘要:

对毫米波光子敏感的铝集总元件动态电感探测器(LEKID)已被证明具有高品质因数,使其具有高灵敏度和多路复用性。铝的超导能隙将铝LEKID限制在100 GHz以上的光子频率。锰掺杂的铝(Al-Mn)具有可调的临界温度,并且因此如果当锰被添加到膜中时内部品质因数保持足够高,则对于对低于100 GHz的频率敏感的LEKID来说可能是有吸引力的材料。为了研究,我们测量了Al-Mn LEKID的一些关键特性。使用沉积在500 μm厚的高电阻率浮区硅衬底上的40 nm厚的Al-Mn膜制造了原型八元件LEKID阵列。锰含量为900 ppm,测得的$T_c = 694\pm1$ mK和共振频率接近150 MHz。在65和250 mK之间的各种浴温度下使用前向散射参数$S_{21}$的测量,我们确定我们制造的Al-Mn LEKID具有大于$2 \times 10^5$的内部品质因数,这对于毫米波天体物理观测来说足够高。在测量这些器件的黑暗条件下,分数频率噪声谱显示出取决于浴温度和探测音幅度的浅斜率,这可能是两级系统噪声。在未来的测量中,当探测器被毫米波照射时,预期的白光子噪声应该主导这种低频噪声水平。LEKID对来自1550 nm发光二极管的光脉冲做出响应,我们使用这些光脉冲确定准粒子寿命为60 μs。

英文摘要:

Aluminum lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) sensitive to millimeter-wave photons have been shown to exhibit high quality factors, making them highly sensitive and multiplexable. The superconducting gap of aluminum limits aluminum LEKIDs to photon frequencies above 100 GHz. Manganese-doped aluminum (Al-Mn) has a tunable critical temperature and could therefore be an attractive material for LEKIDs sensitive to frequencies below 100 GHz if the internal quality factor remains sufficiently high when manganese is added to the film. To investigate, we measured some of the key properties of Al-Mn LEKIDs. A prototype eight-element LEKID array was fabricated using a 40 nm thick film of Al-Mn deposited on a 500 μm thick high-resistivity, float-zone silicon substrate. The manganese content was 900 ppm, the measured $T_c = 694\pm1$ mK, and the resonance frequencies were near 150 MHz. Using measurements of the forward scattering parameter $S_{21}$ at various bath temperatures between 65 and 250 mK, we determined that the Al-Mn LEKIDs we fabricated have internal quality factors greater than $2 \times 10^5$, which is high enough for millimeter-wave astrophysical observations. In the dark conditions under which these devices were measured, the fractional frequency noise spectrum shows a shallow slope that depends on bath temperature and probe tone amplitude, which could be two-level system noise. The anticipated white photon noise should dominate this level of low-frequency noise when the detectors are illuminated with millimeter-waves in future measurements. The LEKIDs responded to light pulses from a 1550 nm light-emitting diode, and we used these light pulses to determine that the quasiparticle lifetime is 60 μs.

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