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arXiv 1701.05976stat.AP
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最好的球队多久赢一次?理解北美体育运动中随机性的统一方法

How often does the best team win? A unified approach to understanding randomness in North American sport

Michael J. Lopez, Gregory J. Matthews, Benjamin S. Baumer

摘要:

统计学在体育运动中的应用长期以来一直集中在如何最好地将信号(例如团队人才)与随机噪声分开。然而,这项工作的大部分集中在一个单一的运动,和有意义的跨运动比较的发展一直受到阻碍的困难,从一个运动到另一个翻译运气。在本文中,我们使用博彩市场数据开发贝叶斯状态空间模型,这些数据可以统一应用于体育组织,以更好地理解随机性在游戏结果中的作用。这些模型可以用来提取球队实力的估计,赛季间,赛季内,和游戏到游戏的球队实力的变化,以及每个球队的主场优势。我们在国家橄榄球联盟(NFL),国家曲棍球联盟(NHL),国家篮球协会(NBA)和美国职业棒球大联盟(MLB)的每一个十年的比赛中实施我们的方法,发现NBA表现出最大的人才分散和最大的主场优势,而NHL和MLB在比赛结果中表现出相对的随机性。最后,我们提出了新的指标来判断整个体育联盟的竞争力,无论是在常规赛和使用传统的季后赛比赛格式。虽然我们专注于体育运动,我们讨论了一些其他情况下,我们的可推广的模型可能是有用的。

英文摘要:

Statistical applications in sports have long centered on how to best separate signal (e.g. team talent) from random noise. However, most of this work has concentrated on a single sport, and the development of meaningful cross-sport comparisons has been impeded by the difficulty of translating luck from one sport to another. In this manuscript, we develop Bayesian state-space models using betting market data that can be uniformly applied across sporting organizations to better understand the role of randomness in game outcomes. These models can be used to extract estimates of team strength, the between-season, within-season, and game-to-game variability of team strengths, as well each team's home advantage. We implement our approach across a decade of play in each of the National Football League (NFL), National Hockey League (NHL), National Basketball Association (NBA), and Major League Baseball (MLB), finding that the NBA demonstrates both the largest dispersion in talent and the largest home advantage, while the NHL and MLB stand out for their relative randomness in game outcomes. We conclude by proposing new metrics for judging competitiveness across sports leagues, both within the regular season and using traditional postseason tournament formats. Although we focus on sports, we discuss a number of other situations in which our generalizable models might be usefully applied.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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