NOAA POES质子探测器的飞行中校准：MEPED校正因子的推导
In-flight calibration of NOAA POES proton detectors: Derivation of the MEPED correction factors
摘要：
自1978年以来，NOAA POES和MetOp卫星上的MEPED仪器一直在持续测量磁层中的高能粒子。然而，质子探测器随着时间的推移而退化，导致该仪器的能量阈值增加，对近地空间环境长期变化的研究以及对质子通量的一般量化提出了巨大挑战。通过比较新老卫星在相同的地磁地方时（MLT）和时间段的月平均累积积分通量，我们估计了能量阈值的变化。新卫星的前12个月的能量谱被用作参考，而老卫星一年内的月校正因子显示出很小的差异，这表明校准程序是可靠的。该方法使我们能够确定第一次的质子探测器的最高能量通道的校正因子。此外，我们利用最新的在轨卫星（MetOp-01），找到2013年NOAA 17和MetOp-02卫星的修正系数。如果不考虑退化程度，一颗卫星的质子数据在发射后2至3年内无法定量使用。由于电子探测器容易受到高能质子的污染，因此校正后的质子测量值对电子通量测量也有价值。因此，校正因子确保质子和电子测量的正确性。
英文摘要：
The MEPED instruments on board the NOAA POES andMetOp satellites have been continuously measuring energetic particles in the magnetosphere since 1978. However, degradation of the proton detectors over time leads to an increase in the energy thresholds of the instrument and imposes great challenges to studies of long-term variability in the near-Earth space environment as well as a general quantification of the proton fluxes. By comparing monthly mean accumulated integral flux from a new and an old satellite at the same magnetic local time (MLT) and time period, we estimate the change in energy thresholds. The first 12 monthly energy spectra of the new satellite are used as a reference, and the derived monthly correction factors over a year for an old satellite show a small spread, indicating a robust calibration procedure. The method enables us to determine for the first time the correction factors also for the highest-energy channels of the proton detector. In addition, we make use of the newest satellite in orbit (MetOp-01) to find correction factors for 2013 for the NOAA 17 and MetOp-02 satellites. Without taking into account the level of degradation, the proton data from one satellite cannot be used quantitatively for more than 2 to 3 years after launch. As the electron detectors are vulnerable to contamination from energetic protons, the corrected proton measurements will be of value for electron flux measurements too. Thus, the correction factors ensure the correctness of both the proton and electron measurements.
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