高能电子在中层大气中的沉淀--从MEPED POES构造损失锥通量
Energetic electron precipitation into the middle atmosphere - Constructing the loss cone fluxes from MEPED POES
摘要：
高能电子沉降（EEP）对中层大气（50-90公里）化学的影响仍然是一个悬而未决的问题，因为由于仪器的挑战和当前粒子探测器的俯仰角覆盖不足，缺乏对EEP的准确量化。NOAA/极轨道环境卫星和MetOp航天器上的中能质子和电子探测器仪器有两套指向接近天顶（$0 ^{\circ}$）和水平面（$90 ^{\circ}$）的电子和质子望远镜。使用$0 ^{\circ}$或$90 ^{\circ}$望远镜的测量结果将分别低估或高估反弹损失锥通量，因为高能电子通量通常具有强烈的各向异性，朝向损失锥中心的通量逐渐减小。通过将两台望远镜的测量结果与磁层中波粒相互作用理论的电子俯仰角分布相结合，为>50 keV、>100 keV和>300 keV的每个电子能量通道构建了完整的反弹损耗锥通量。我们采用一种校正方法来消除电子计数中的质子污染。我们还占相对论（>1000千电子伏）电子污染的质子探测器在亚极光纬度。这给了我们将沉积在中层大气中的电子能量的全范围覆盖。最后，我们证明了该方法的适用性强各向异性的俯仰角分布在2008年2月的弱磁暴。我们比较电子通量和随后的能量沉积估计OH观测从微波临边探测器的光环卫星证实，估计的通量是真正的降水通量影响大气的代表。
英文摘要：
The impact of energetic electron precipitation (EEP) on the chemistry of the middle atmosphere (50-90 km) is still an outstanding question as accurate quantification of EEP is lacking due to instrumental challenges and insufficient pitch angle coverage of current particle detectors. The Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detectors (MEPED) instrument on board the NOAA/Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites(POES) and MetOp spacecraft has two sets of electron and proton telescopes pointing close to zenith ($0 ^{\circ}$) and in the horizontal plane ($90 ^{\circ}$). Using measurements from either the $0 ^{\circ}$ or $90 ^{\circ}$ telescope will underestimate or overestimate the bounce loss cone flux, respectively, as the energetic electron fluxes are often strongly anisotropic with decreasing fluxes toward the center of the loss cone. By combining the measurements from both telescopes with electron pitch angle distributions from theory of wave-particle interactions in the magnetosphere, a complete bounce loss cone flux is constructed for each of the electron energy channels >50 keV, >100 keV, and >300 keV. We apply a correction method to remove proton contamination in the electron counts. We also account for the relativistic (>1000 keV) electrons contaminating the proton detector at subauroral latitudes. This gives us full range coverage of electron energies that will be deposited in the middle atmosphere. Finally, we demonstrate the method's applicability on strongly anisotropic pitch angle distributions during a weak geomagnetic storm in February 2008. We compare the electron fluxes and subsequent energy deposition estimates to OH observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Aura satellite substantiating that the estimated fluxes are representative for the true precipitating fluxes impacting the atmosphere.
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