城市邻里经济地位的合作动力
Cooperative Dynamics of Neighborhood Economic Status in Cities
摘要：
我们显着扩展我们早期的谢林模型的变体，将邻里潜力函数以及代理财富增益函数，以研究城市邻里的经济地位的长期演变。我们发现，该模型模拟的邻里相对经济地位（RES）的长期模式合理地复制了美国城市的经验观察模式。具体来说，我们发现，富人和穷人社区的大部分，平均而言，保持状态的时间比中低收入和中上收入社区更长。使用一个潜在的功能，衡量相对财富的社区作为代理人的财富收益和代理人的运动的基础似乎至关重要的解释这些新兴模式的邻里RES。这也表明，经验观察到的RES模式确实可以是普遍的，我们希望看到这些模式在世界各地的城市重复。通过观察更长时间内的RES行为，该模型预测，在较长时间内，穷人社区保持地位的比例几乎保持不变，而中等财富和富人社区保持地位的比例随着时间的推移显着下降，趋于零。
英文摘要：
We significantly extend our earlier variant of the Schelling model, incorporating a neighborhood Potential function as well as an agent wealth gain function to study the long term evolution of the economic status of neighborhoods in cities. We find that the long term patterns of neighborhood relative economic status (RES) simulated by this model reasonably replicate the empirically observed patterns from American cities. Specifically, we find that larger fractions of rich and poor neighborhoods tend to, on average, retain status for longer than lower- and upper-middle wealth neighborhoods. The use of a Potential function that measures the relative wealth of neighborhoods as the basis for agent wealth gain and agent movement appears critical to explaining these emergent patterns of neighborhood RES. This also suggests that the empirically observed RES patterns could indeed be universal and that we would expect to see these patterns repeated for cities around the world. Observing RES behavior over even longer periods of time, the model predicts that the fraction of poor neighborhoods retaining status remains almost constant over extended periods of time, while the fraction of middle-wealth and rich neighborhoods retaining status reduces significantly over time, tending to zero.
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