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arXiv 1701.02685astro-ph.GA
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在主要合并中形成盘状星系II。中心质量集中问题及GADGET3与GIZMO的比较

Forming disc galaxies in major mergers II. The central mass concentration problem and a comparison of GADGET3 with GIZMO

S. A. Rodionov, E. Athanassoula, N. Peschken

摘要:

内容:在一系列的论文中,我们研究了两个盘状星系的主要合并,以确定这样的合并是否可以产生一个盘状星系。目的:我们的目的是详细描述我们的数值实验的技术方面。方法:我们讨论了我们的主要合并的初始条件,其中包括两个原星系的碰撞轨道。我们表明,这种合并模拟可以产生一个非现实的中心质量浓度,我们提出了简单的,参数化的,AGN-like反馈作为这个问题的解决方案。我们的类活动星系核反馈算法非常简单:在每个时间步,我们采取所有粒子的局部体积密度高于给定的阈值,并增加他们的温度到一个预设值。我们还比较了GADGET 3和GIZMO代码,通过将它们应用于相同的初始条件。结果如下:我们发现,孤立的原星系的演化类似于盘星系的演化,从而认为我们的原星系非常适合我们的合并模拟。我们表明,在我们的合并模拟的非物理中心质量浓度的问题进一步加剧时,我们增加的分辨率。我们表明,我们的活动星系核的反馈消除了这种非物理的中心质量浓度,从而使现实酒吧的形成。请注意,我们的类活动星系核反馈主要影响模型的中心区域,而不会显著改变星系的其余部分。我们证明,在我们的模拟的背景下,GADGET 3给出的结果是非常相似的那些得到的PSPH(密度无关SPH)风味的GIZMO。此外,在我们尝试的例子中,两种风格的GIZMO,即PSPH和MFM(无网格算法)的结果之间的差异类似于,在某些比较中,大于GADGET 3和PSPH的结果之间的差异。

英文摘要:

Context: In a series of papers, we study the major merger of two disk galaxies in order to establish whether or not such a merger can produce a disc galaxy. Aims: Our aim here is to describe in detail the technical aspects of our numerical experiments. Methods: We discuss the initial conditions of our major merger, which consist of two protogalaxies on a collision orbit. We show that such merger simulations can produce a non-realistic central mass concentration, and we propose simple, parametric, AGN-like feedback as a solution to this problem. Our AGN-like feedback algorithm is very simple: at each time-step we take all particles whose local volume density is above a given threshold value and increase their temperature to a preset value. We also compare the GADGET3 and GIZMO codes, by applying both of them to the same initial conditions. Results: We show that the evolution of isolated protogalaxies resembles the evolution of disk galaxies, thus arguing that our protogalaxies are well suited for our merger simulations. We demonstrate that the problem with the unphysical central mass concentration in our merger simulations is further aggravated when we increase the resolution. We show that our AGN-like feedback removes this non-physical central mass concentration, and thus allows the formation of realistic bars. Note that our AGN-like feedback mainly affects the central region of a model, without significantly modifying the rest of the galaxy. We demonstrate that, in the context of our kind of simulation, GADGET3 gives results which are very similar to those obtained with the PSPH (density independent SPH) flavor of GIZMO. Moreover, in the examples we tried, the differences between the results of the two flavors of GIZMO, namely PSPH, and MFM (mesh-less algorithm) are similar to and, in some comparisons, larger than the differences between the results of GADGET3 and PSPH.

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