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arXiv 2401.10331astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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嵌入在环双星盘中的亚秒差距后牛顿双星的辐射特征

Emission signatures from sub-pc Post-Newtonian binaries embedded in circumbinary discs

Alessia Franchini, Matteo Bonetti, Alessandro Lupi, Alberto Sesana

AI总结:

本研究通过数值模拟探究嵌入环双星盘的大质量黑洞双星演化,发现不同温度盘下多波段辐射的独特特征及盘对并合时间的影响,为多信使天文探测提供依据。

摘要:

我们研究了嵌入在环双星盘中的准圆轨道等质量大质量黑洞双星的动力学演化,轨道间距从约100倍引力半径($R_{\rm g}$)一直演化到并合,并追踪并合后的演化过程。双星轨道的演化源于气体盘的存在,以及最高达2.5阶的后牛顿(Post-Newtonian, PN)修正的加入,因此包含了耗散性引力波反作用。我们采用{\textsc gizmo}-MFM代码开展三维超拉格朗日分辨率模拟,研究了相对冷、暖两种环双星盘的情况,其纵横比分别为$H/R=0.03$和$0.1$。我们从模拟中提取了不同频段(即X射线、光学和紫外)的光谱能量分布和光变曲线。我们发现,如果盘是暖的,X射线流量在并合前会出现明显的两个数量级的下降;而无论盘温度如何,紫外流量都会出现显著上升。\n 无论盘温度如何,光学流量都在双星轨道周期和空腔边缘周期上表现出清晰独特的调制特征。\n 我们发现,冷盘的存在可在旋近的最后五天内将双星并合最多加速130秒,这意味着与真空中的双星演化相比,累积的相位偏移约为$π$弧度。这些差异由气体盘的存在引发,可能会对原则上可探测的引力波波形产生影响。\n 我们讨论了这些独特特征对现有及即将开展的时域巡天以及多信使天文学可能具有的意义。

英文摘要:

We study the dynamical evolution of quasi-circular equal mass massive black hole binaries embedded in circumbinary discs from separations of $\sim 100R_{\rm g}$ down to the merger, following the post merger evolution. The binary orbit evolves owing to the presence of the gaseous disc and the addition of Post-Newtonian (PN) corrections up to the 2.5 PN order, therefore including the dissipative gravitational wave back-reaction. We investigate two cases of a relatively cold and warm circumbinary discs, with aspect ratios $H/R=0.03,\,0.1$ respectively, employing 3D hyper-Lagrangian resolution simulations with the {\sc gizmo}-MFM code. We extract spectral energy distributions and light curves in different frequency bands (i.e. X-ray, optical and UV) from the simulations. We find a clear two orders of magnitude drop in the X-ray flux right before merger if the disc is warm while we identify a significant increase in the UV flux regardless of the disc temperature. The optical flux shows clear distinctive modulations on the binary orbital period and on the cavity edge period, regardless of the disc temperature. We find that the presence of a cold disc can accelerate the coalescence of the binary by up to 130 seconds over the last five days of inspiral, implying a phase shift accumulation of about $π\,$radians compared to the binary evolution in vacuum. These differences are triggered by the presence of the gaseous disc and might have implications on the waveforms that can be in principle detected. We discuss the implications that these distinctive signatures might have for existing and upcoming time domain surveys and for multimessenger astronomy.

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