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arXiv 1612.04493astro-ph.HE
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无碰撞相对论电子-质子重联中的非热粒子加速

Non-thermal particle acceleration in collisionless relativistic electron-proton reconnection

G. R. Werner, D. A. Uzdensky, M. C. Begelman, B. Cerutti, K. Nalewajko

摘要:

相对论性无碰撞等离子体中的磁重联可以加速粒子,并在各种天体物理系统中提供高能辐射。虽然大多数以前的研究集中在对等离子体中的相对论重联,很少注意到电子-离子等离子体重联,预计在黑洞吸积流和相对论喷流。我们报告了一个全面的粒子在细胞中的电子离子等离子体中的重联的数值研究,跨越了广泛的环境离子磁化$σ_i$,从半相对论性制度(超相对论性电子,但非相对论性离子,0.001 $σ_i$ <<1)的完全相对论性制度(两个物种都是超相对论性,$σ_i$ 1)。我们调查如何重联率,电子和离子等离子体流,电场和磁场结构,电子/离子能量分配,和非热粒子加速依赖于$σ_i$。我们的主要发现是:(2)即使在半相对论性的小$σ_i$区,电子也能形成集中的中等相对论性流出;(3)虽然在超相对论极限中释放的磁能在电子和离子之间平均分配,在半相对论区域,电子能量分数随着$σ_i$的减小而逐渐减小,并逐渐接近0.25;(4)重联导致有效的非热电子加速,具有$σ_i$依赖的幂律指数$p(σ_i) \simeq $ const $+0.7 {σ_i}^{-1/2}$。这些发现对于理解黑洞系统非常重要,并支持blazar喷流中非热发射的半相对论重联模型,为这些系统中观察到的光谱指数提供了自然的解释。

英文摘要:

Magnetic reconnection in relativistic collisionless plasmas can accelerate particles and power high-energy emission in various astrophysical systems. Whereas most previous studies focused on relativistic reconnection in pair plasmas, less attention has been paid to electron-ion plasma reconnection, expected in black hole accretion flows and relativistic jets. We report a comprehensive particle-in-cell numerical investigation of reconnection in an electron-ion plasma, spanning a wide range of ambient ion magnetizations $σ_i$, from the semirelativistic regime (ultrarelativistic electrons but nonrelativistic ions, 0.001<<$σ_i$<<1) to the fully relativistic regime (both species are ultrarelativistic, $σ_i$>>1). We investigate how the reconnection rate, electron and ion plasma flows, electric and magnetic field structures, electron/ion energy partitioning, and nonthermal particle acceleration depend on $σ_i$. Our key findings are: (1) the reconnection rate is about 0.1 of the Alfvenic rate across all regimes; (2) electrons can form concentrated moderately relativistic outflows even in the semirelativistic, small-$σ_i$ regime; (3) while the released magnetic energy is partitioned equally between electrons and ions in the ultrarelativistic limit, the electron energy fraction declines gradually with decreased $σ_i$ and asymptotes to about 0.25 in the semirelativistic regime; (4) reconnection leads to efficient nonthermal electron acceleration with a $σ_i$-dependent power-law index, $p(σ_i) \simeq $const$+0.7 {σ_i}^{-1/2}$. These findings are important for understanding black hole systems and lend support to semirelativistic reconnection models for powering nonthermal emission in blazar jets, offering a natural explanation for the spectral indices observed in these systems.

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