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arXiv 1612.04293astro-ph.GA
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活动星系核中的硅酸盐尘埃

Silicate Dust in Active Galactic Nuclei

Yanxia Xie, Aigen Li, Lei Hao

摘要:

活动星系核统一理论假设所有的活动星系核都被各向异性的尘埃环所包围,并且从不同的角度观察,它们本质上是相同的物体。然而,人们对在统一理论中起核心作用的尘埃知之甚少。有迹象表明活动星系核尘埃的消光规律与银河系的有明显的不同。此外,在1型活动星系核中观察到的硅酸盐发射特征似乎是异常的(即,它们的峰值波长和宽度与银河系有很大的不同)。在这项工作中,我们探讨了147个不同类型的活动星系核在红移z<0.5的尘埃性质,特别注意到93个活动星系核,表现出9.7和18 $μ$ m硅酸盐发射功能。我们用斯皮策太空望远镜上的红外光谱仪模拟了它们的硅酸盐发射光谱。我们发现,60/93的观测光谱可以很好地解释与“天文硅酸盐”,而其余的来源有利于无定形橄榄石或辉石。最值得注意的是,所有的来源都要求尘埃是$μ$ m大小的(典型的大小为~1.5 $\pm$ 0.1 $μ$ m),比亚$μ$ m大小的银河系星际颗粒大得多,这意味着AGN的消光定律是平坦的或“灰色的”。我们还发现,虽然9.7 $μ$ m发射特征主要来自温度T~270 K的温暖硅酸盐尘埃,但~5- 8 $μ$ m连续谱发射主要来自温度T~640 K的碳尘埃。最后,灰尘性质之间的相关性(例如,质量,温度)和活动星系核的性质(例如,光度、黑洞质量)。

英文摘要:

The unification theory of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) hypothesizes that all AGNs are surrounded by an anisotropic dust torus and are essentially the same objects but viewed from different angles. However, little is known about the dust which plays a central role in the unification theory. There are suggestions that the AGN dust extinction law appreciably differs from that of the Galaxy. Also, the silicate emission features observed in type 1 AGNs appear anomalous (i.e., their peak wavelengths and widths differ considerably from that of the Galaxy). In this work, we explore the dust properties of 147 AGNs of various types at redshifts z<0.5, with special attention paid to 93 AGNs which exhibit the 9.7 and 18 $μ$m silicate emission features. We model their silicate emission spectra obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. We find that 60/93 of the observed spectra can be well explained with "astronomical silicate", while the remaining sources favor amorphous olivine or pyroxene. Most notably, all sources require the dust to be $μ$m-sized (with a typical size of ~1.5$\pm$0.1 $μ$m), much larger than sub-$μ$m-sized Galactic interstellar grains, implying a flat or "gray" extinction law for AGNs. We also find that, while the 9.7 $μ$m emission feature arises predominantly from warm silicate dust of temperature T~270 K, the ~5--8 $μ$m continuum emission is mostly from carbon dust of T~640 K. Finally, the correlations between the dust properties (e.g., mass, temperature) and the AGN properties (e.g., luminosity, black hole mass) have also been investigated.

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