arXiv 1609.075872016-09-24astro-ph.HE

用中子星探索基础物理

Exploring fundamental physics with neutron stars

Pierre M. Pizzochero

备注：: lecture, 27 pages, 11 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1001.1272

摘要：

在这堂课中，我们将根据基本的物理原理，首次介绍中子星。在概述了从观测中获得的它们杰出的宏观性质之后，我们推断出它们内部物质的极端条件。然后，我们描述了两个关键的物理现象的特点紧凑的恒星，即强简并物质的引力稳定性和中子化的核物质的密度增加，并解释如何形成和性质的中子星是一个直接后果的极端压缩的物质在强引力。最后，我们描述了不同的外部宏观特征（例如，最大质量，表面温度，脉冲星故障）的多波长观测可以提供有关奇异内部微观场景的宝贵信息：超密度，同位旋不对称，超流体，散装强子物质（可能在最中心的区域解除限制），这在宇宙中其他地方都找不到。事实上，中子星是研究QCD相图中低温、高密度部分性质的独特探针。此外，致密恒星的双星系统允许在强场状态下对弯曲时空的性质进行极其精确的测量，并且是引力波的有效来源。

英文摘要：

In this lecture, we give a first introduction to neutron stars, based on fundamental physical principles. After outlining their outstanding macroscopic properties, as obtained from observations, we infer the extreme conditions of matter in their interiors. We then describe two crucial physical phenomena which characterize compact stars, namely the gravitational stability of strongly degenerate matter and the neutronization of nuclear matter with increasing density, and explain how the formation and properties of neutron stars are a direct consequence of the extreme compression of matter under strong gravity. Finally, we describe how multi-wavelength observations of different external macroscopic features (e.g. maximum mass, surface temperature, pulsar glitches) can give invaluable information about the exotic internal microscopic scenario: super-dense, isospin-asymmetric, superfluid, bulk hadronic matter (probably deconfined in the most central regions) which can be found nowhere else in the Universe. Indeed, neutrons stars represent a unique probe to study the properties of the low-temperature, high-density sector of the QCD phase diagram. Moreover, binary systems of compact stars allow to make extremely precise measurements of the properties of curved space-time in the strong field regime, as well as being efficient sources of gravitational waves.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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英文摘要：

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