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arXiv 1609.06708astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA
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赫比格Ae恒星HD 139614周围过渡盘内6 AU的气体密度下降:盘内巨行星的进一步证据?

A gas density drop in the inner 6 AU of the transition disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 139614: Further evidence for a giant planet inside the disk?

A. Carmona, W. F. Thi, I. Kamp, C. Baruteau, A. Matter, M. van den Ancker, C. Pinte, A. Kóspál, M. Audard, A. Liebhart, A. Sicilia-Aguilar, P. Pinilla, Zs. Regá… 展开作者

A. Carmona, W. F. Thi, I. Kamp, C. Baruteau, A. Matter, M. van den Ancker, C. Pinte, A. Kóspál, M. Audard, A. Liebhart, A. Sicilia-Aguilar, P. Pinilla, Zs. Regály, M. Güdel, Th. Henning, L. A. Cieza, C. Baldovin-Saavedra, G. Meeus, C. Eiroa

摘要:

背景:量化过渡盘尘埃间隙内的气体含量对确定其起源很重要。目的:我们试图限制的表面密度的温暖的气体在磁盘的HD 139614,赫比格Ae星的过渡盘展示的尘埃间隙从2.3到6 AU。方法:用ESO/VLT CRIRES方法获得CO振转发射的高分辨光谱。我们推导出的限制磁盘的结构,通过建模的线条轮廓,光谱信号,和旋转图使用平坦的开普勒磁盘模型。结果:检测到v=1-0 ~(12)CO,2-1 ~(12)CO,1-0 ~(13)CO,1-0 ~(18)O和1-0 ~(17)O振转谱线。~(12)CO v=1-0谱线的平均宽度为14 km/s,Tgas为450 K,发射区为1 - 15 AU。~(13)CO和~(18)O谱线平均冷70和100 K,窄1和4 km/s,在R>6 AU时以发射为主。12 CO v=1-0的谱线轮廓表明,如果气体中存在能隙,则它必须窄于2AU。我们发现,在R<5-6 AU的气体表面密度(delta_gas)的下降,需要同时再现三个CO同位素的线轮廓和旋转图。Delta_gas的范围从10^-2到10^-4,取决于外盘的气尘比。我们发现在1<R<6AU处气体表面密度分布是平坦的或随半径增加而增加。我们推导出在1<R<6 AU处NH= 3 × 10^19 - 10^21 cm^-2的气柱密度。我们发现R<1 AU时NCO的5 σ上限为5x10^15 cm^-2(NH<5x10^19 cm^-2)。结论:HD 139614的尘埃间隙中存在气体.在R<6 AU的圆盘中的气体表面密度明显低于假设粘性α圆盘模型的HD 139614吸积速率所预期的表面密度。气体密度下降,6天文单位内气体的非负密度梯度,以及没有宽的(>2天文单位)气体间隙,表明在4天文单位附近存在一颗嵌入的小于2 MJ的行星。

英文摘要:

Context: Quantifying the gas content inside the dust gaps of transition disks is important to establish their origin. Aims: We seek to constrain the surface density of warm gas in the disk of HD 139614, a Herbig Ae star with a transition disk exhibiting a dust gap from 2.3 to 6 AU. Methods: We have obtained ESO/VLT CRIRES high-resolution spectra of CO ro-vibrational emission. We derived constraints on the disk's structure by modeling the line-profiles, the spectroastrometric signal, and the rotational diagrams using flat Keplerian disk models. Results: We detected v=1-0 12CO, 2-1 12CO, 1-0 13CO, 1-0 C18O, and 1-0 C17O ro-vibrational lines. 12CO v=1-0 lines have an average width of 14 km/s, Tgas of 450 K and an emitting region from 1 to 15 AU. 13CO and C18O lines are on average 70 and 100 K colder, 1 and 4 km/s narrower, and are dominated by emission at R>6 AU. The 12CO v=1-0 line-profile indicates that if there is a gap in the gas it must be narrower than 2 AU. We find that a drop in the gas surface density (delta_gas) at R<5-6 AU is required to simultaneously reproduce the line-profiles and rotational diagrams of the three CO isotopologs. Delta_gas can range from 10^-2 to 10^-4 depending on the gas-to-dust ratio of the outer disk. We find that at 1<R<6 AU the gas surface density profile is flat or increases with radius. We derive a gas column density at 1<R<6 AU of NH=3x10^19 - 10^21 cm^-2. We find a 5sigma upper limit on NCO at R<1 AU of 5x10^15 cm^-2 (NH<5x10^19 cm^-2). Conclusions: The dust gap in the disk of HD 139614 has gas. The gas surface density in the disk at R<6 AU is significantly lower than the surface density expected from HD 139614's accretion rate assuming a viscous alpha-disk model. The gas density drop, the non-negative density gradient of the gas inside 6 AU, and the absence of a wide (>2 AU) gas gap suggest the presence of an embedded <2 MJ planet at around 4 AU.

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